人格权确认与构造的法律依据

The Legal Dimension of Confirming and Constructing the Personality Righ

抽象的人格整体以及承载人格的若干具体要素,如生命、身体、健康、姓名、隐私、肖像等,因其伦理价值而应受法律保护,成为法秩序的组成部分,被称之为法益。对人格法益应以侵权责任法加以保护。作为主观权利的人格权,须满足权利客体确定、权能明确的要求。人格权作为支配权、绝对权,只能对身体、姓名、肖像、声音、个人信息资料等人格要素加以支配利用,或者可许可他人使用。由此,人格权便可能具有财产权的属性,也因而获得可继承性。在这一理念下,具体人格权仅有身体权、姓名权、肖像权、声音权和个人信息资料权。其他受保护的人格法益没有成为主观权利的素质。所谓一般人格权也仅是对无限多样的人格法益的概括性保护,并不是一项主观权利。很多新类型人格权均难以成立。既然具体人格权类型很少,且各类人格法益已经获得侵权责任法的保护,故在未来民法典中人格权法不宜独立成编。

Abstract personality and other specific elements bearing the personality become part of the legal order,which is called legal? interest. The legal? interest of personality should be protected by Tort Liability Law. As the subjective right,personality right should fulfill the requirements of the determination of right object. As the right of dominion and imperium,personality right can only control and use body,name and other personality elements. Thus,personality right has the attribute of financial right and inherited property. General personality rights are only used for protecting various personality legal interests,but not subjective rights. Because there are few specific personality right styles,the Personality Right Law is inappropriate to be edited in the future Civil Law.