冻融作用对猪粪模拟施肥条件下东北黑土中重金属铜锌活性的影响

Effect of Freezing and Thawing on Activity of Cu and Zn in Black Soil of Northeast China Under Simulated Fertilization Using Pig Manure

随着规模化养殖场的发展和饲料添加剂中Cu和Zn的添加,畜禽粪便中重金属Cu和Zn含量较高,通过畜禽粪便施肥可能造成土壤重金属污染。畜禽粪便施肥和冻融作用均可能影响土壤中重金属的活性,进而改变土壤重金属的环境效应。本文针对东北气候特点,通过实验室模拟,研究了猪粪施肥和冻融作用对黑土中重金属Cu和Zn活性(可交换态和碳酸盐结合态)的影响。结果表明:同未施肥的对照比,猪粪施肥初期,Cu和Zn的可交换态含量均明显增加,而Cu和Zn的碳酸盐结合态含量则略有下降;同低施肥量比,高施肥量下,Cu和Zn的可交换态含量略有增加,而Cu和Zn的碳酸盐结合态含量下降;同施肥初期比(1周),随施肥时间延长(1个月)土壤中可交换态Cu和Zn含量下降,而碳酸盐结合态Cu和Zn含量增加;高低不同施肥量相比,高施肥量下可交换态Cu和Zn含量均高于低施肥量,而碳酸盐结合态Cu和Zn含量则低于低施肥量;随冻融温度下降,土壤中可交换态Cu和Zn含量、碳酸盐结合态Cu和Zn含量均显著增加,且在高施肥量下的含量均大于低施肥量。由此可见,猪粪施肥和冻融作用对黑土中Cu和Zn活性均有不同程度的影响,总的看是随施肥量的增加和施肥时间的延长,黑土中Cu和Zn活性不同程度地下降,但冻融作用可以使猪粪施肥的黑土中Cu和Zn的活性增加,且随冻融温度下降Cu和Zn活性增加的幅度增大。

With the development of large-scale farms and the addition of Cu and Zn in feed additives, high Cu and Zn contents in feces of livestock and poultry occurred, and may cause soil pollution of the heavy metal especially Cu and Zn by livestock and poultry manure fertilization. Both fertilization of livestock and poultry manure and freeze-thaw action can alter the activity of heavy metals in soil, and furthermore change the environmental effect of heavy metals in soil. This paper aimed at the influence of freezing and thawing on the activities of Cu and Zn （ exchangeable and carbonate） in black soil of Northeast China under pig manure fertihzation according to the northeast climate character- istics through laboratory simulation. The results showed that the contents of exchangeable Cu and Zn significantly increased and that of car- bonate Cu and Zn slightly decreased under pig manure fertilization initial stage comparing with the control without fertilizer. The contents of exchangeable Cu and Zn slightly increased and that of carbonate Cu and Zn decreased for the higher fertilization comparing with lower fertilization. The contents of exchangeable Cu and Zn decreased and that of carbonate Cu and Zn significantly increased with the extension of fertilization time （one month） compared with the early fertilization （one week）. Moreover, the contents of exchangeable Cu and Zn under higher fertilization were all higher than that under lower fertilization, on the contrary, the contents of carbonate Cu and Zn under higher fertilization all were lower than that under lower fertilization. The contents of exchangeable and carbonate Cu and Zn all increased obviously with the freezing and thawing temperature decreased, and the contents of Cu and Zn for higher fertilization were higher than that for lower fertilization. In conclusion, the activities of Cu and Zn in black soil were disturbed by both pig manure with different fertilization amounts and fertilization culture time and freezing and thawing, there were a varying degree decreasing for the activities of Cu and Zn in black soil with the increase of fertilization amount and fertilization culture time, nevertheless, the freezing and thawing action could increase the activities of Cu and Zn in black soil under pig manure fertilization, and the amplitude of increasing Cu and Zn activity increased with the freezing and thawing temperature decreasing.