日本博士生招生考试制度特点及其启示

Study on Japan's Doctoral Entrance Examination System and Its Inspiration

博士生教育水平是衡量一国高等教育水平、科技创新水平的重要标志,而博士生招考是确保教育质量的关键。日本博士生教育同于我国均为后发外生型,1886年以来日本博士生教育在先后借鉴欧美模式的基础上改革创新,形成了独具日本特色的选择多样化、学术型和专业型双轨并举的招考模式。有鉴于此,文章基于日本博士生招考的历史与现状的分析阐释其特点,以期为我国博士生教育的入口管理提供有益借鉴。

The level of doctoral education is an important indication of the level of national education and science＆technology innovation. And the doctoral entrance examination is a key to the quality of doctoral education. The model of doctoral education in Japan,like that in China, is an importing latecomer. The doctoral entrance examination model in Japan has been established and improved by importing Europe and America models since 1886. Its features lie in diversification of choices and evaluation criteria with both professional degree and academic degree. In view of this, herein the features and problems of the reform of doctoral entrance examination in Japan are illuminated by reviewing its history and current situation. And then analyzing its characteristic. In doing so, we hope to get some inspirations and references for doctoral entrance examination system in China.