论平民女性的日常地位——基于民国时期苏州轿妇案例的研究

On the Daily Status of Common Women——A Survey of the Female Hill-chair Bearer during the Republic of China Period

平民的地位更宜在日常生活世界中进行确认,是为日常地位。以民国时期苏州轿妇为案例的考察表明,在影响日常地位的诸多变量中,所谓声望,不是抽象地体现一般社会价值观的社会承认,而是特定共同体中体现"妇道"的村妇名声;所谓财富,不是对生产资料的私人占有量,而是村妇兼任多种劳作而获得的家庭收入;而特权,不是一般社会结构意义上的控制或影响他人行为的能力,而主要是在家庭关系中村妇决定自身权利、义务的主体资格,或称为人格。与外在的名声和收入相比,对村妇的日常地位来说,内在的人格定位是决定性的。关于平民地位的理论歧见,一旦被置于日常生活运作之中加以讨论,便易于得到比较明确的答案。

The position of common people, known as ＂daily status＂, had better be identified in daily life. As indicated by the survey on the female hill-chair bearers in Suzhou during the Republic of China （1912 - 1949） period, the so-called reputation of countrywomen is their fame reflected in The Doctrine of Women in the given community, rather than social approval which embodies general social values abstractly among the variables affecting her daily status; the so-called wealth is the family income earned by a countrywoman undertaking a variety of labor, rather than the private possession of the means of production; and a privilege is the qualification of the subject or human dignity mainly in domestic relationships enjoyed by a countrywoman making decisions on their own rights and obligations, rather than the power to control or influence others＇ conduct in the sense of social structure. So far as a countrywoman＇s daily status is concerned, the intrinsic positioning of human dignity is decisive, compared with her extrinsic fame and income. Once the diverse theoretical ideas on the position of common people are placed under discussion in actual daily life, clear solutions will be easily obtained. In inter-disciplinary dialogues, sociological imagination and social- history practice, which are subject-based respectively, also benefit each other.