更加全面地认识城镇化、城镇地区和碳循环的关系

Towards a More Integrated Under- standing of Urbaniztion, Urban Areas and the Carbon Cycle

对城镇化、城镇地区和碳循环相关的独立研究，加深了我们对能源和土地使用影响碳循环这一过程的认识。本文将多样化观点综合在一起，作为全面理解城镇化过程、城镇地区及其与碳循环关系的第一步。本文建议，对于不同的城镇化过程、机理和要素，不同的时间、不同的城市乃至跨城市的碳排放时空模式问题，需要在现有研究方法的基础上，应用补充和整合的新型跨学科研究法进行研究。文章呼吁对城镇化和不同位置城市碳影响的研究需要采用更加整体性的方法，其中既包括收入，也包括城市发展路径的其他相互联系的特性，如城市形态、经济功能和制度或治理安排。文章进一步指出城镇化机理和城镇化过程都存在广泛的不确定性，而且两者都与城市社会制度和建成环境系统存在相互关系，它们三者对碳循环均有影响，并且相关碳排量的控制又会对城镇化产生影响。最后，文章还研究了低碳城市转型发展的路径、障碍和局限，建议发展终端到终端、合作、综合的科学意识，从而提高城市转型效率，同时规避转型过程中的障碍。

This synthesis paper pulls to- gether some of these diverse viewpoints as a first step towards an integrated framework for understanding urbani- zation processes, urban areas and their relationships to the carbon cycle. It sug- gests the need for interdisciplinary ap- proaches that complement and combine the plethora of existing insights into inter- disciplinary approaches to how different ur- banization processes, drivers and compo- nents affect the spatial and temporal pat- terns of carbon emissions, differentially over time and within and across cities. It calls for a more holistic approach to the carbon implications of urbanization and cities as places, based not only on income,but also on such other interconnected fea- tures of urban development pathways as urban form, economic function, and in- stitutional or governance arrangements, It points to a wide array of uncertainties around the drivers, the urbanization processes, their interactions with urban socio-institutional and built-environment systems, how these impact the carbon cycle, and how carbon feedbacks can impact urbanization. Finally, it explores options, barriers and limits to transition-ning cities to low-carbon trajectories, and suggests the development of an end-to-end, co- produced and integrated scientific under- standing that can more effectively inform the navigation of transitional journeys or the avoidance of obstacles along the way.