社会地位、收入与多维贫困的动态演变——基于能力剥夺视角的分析

Social Status,Income and Dynamic Evolution of Multidimensional Poverty:From a Perspective of Capability Deprivation

多维贫困、动态贫困成为贫困的时代特征,精准扶贫是新常态下扶贫开发的突破口。文章运用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010年和2012年成人面板数据,基于个人能力剥夺视角进行多维贫困测度,依据贫困程度将我国城乡人口划分为长期贫困、暂时贫困和非贫困三个类型,探索贫困人口在多维贫困状态中转变的机理。研究发现:(1)能力剥夺是多维贫困的根源,也是构建精准扶贫机制的抓手,做好多维贫困识别与精准扶贫的有效衔接是减少多维贫困的关键。(2)社会地位每提高一个等级,3维、4维和5维贫困人口脱贫的可能性将分别增加3.8%、5.3%和5.6%。(3)绝对收入对多维贫困演变产生积极影响,而相对收入的作用不显著。(4)城镇人口3维和4维贫困脱贫概率比农村人口高17%,中西部地区人口比东部地区更易陷入多维贫困。构建精准扶贫的长效机制不能靠临时救济或提供简单工作,应强化贫困人口的当前基本可行能力,提升未来发展能力,即好工作胜过工作本身。

Multidimensional poverty and dynamic poverty are the new features of poverty, and to take targeted measures in poverty alleviation has become the breakthrough of development- oriented poverty alleviation in the new situation. Using the adult panel data of China Family Panel Studies in 2010 and 2012, this paper constructs the multidimensional poverty index based on per- sonal capability deprivation, divides rural-urban population into long-term poverty, temporary poverty and non-impoverished according to poverty level, and analyzes the transition mechanism of the poor between multidimensional poverty levels. It arrives at the empirical results as follows： firstly, capability deprivation is the root of multidimensional poverty and also a grip on the mech- anism construction concerning taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation , and a reasonableconvergence of multidimensional poverty identification and to take targeted measures in poverty alleviation is the key to multidimensional poverty alleviation~ secondly, an increase in one level of social status leads to the rise in the probability of 3-dimension, 4-dimension and 5-dimension pov- erty alleviation by 3.8%, 5.3% and 5.6% respectively; thirdly, absolute income has active effects on multidimensional poverty transition, while relative income dose not play a significant role; fourthly, the probability of 3-dimension and 4-dimension poverty alleviation of urban population is 17% higher than the one of rural population, and it is more easy to fall into multidimensional poverty in central and western regions than in the eastern regions. The establishment of the long- term mechanism concerning taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation needs to do more than temporary relief or the simple provision of a job, and should strengthen current basic feasible a- bility of poverty population and advance their future development capability,namely a good job is better than the work itself.