创新驱动背景下我国技术要素参与收入分配的政策研究

Policy of Profits Distribution Contributed by the Technical Factors Under the Background of Innovation-driven

本文以我国66项关于技术要素参与收入分配的政策为基础,采用文本分析法,对这些政策的主要内容、特点和不足进行了分析,发现:从政策出台主体上看,地方政策数量占多数,中央政府和部委的政策数量较少;在地区分布上,中东部出台的政策数量占多数;关于技术要素参与收入分配的比例,在"将职务科技成果提供给他人实施"的情形下,完成人所占的比例以20-30%居多,在"将职务科技成果自行实施转化或者与他人合作实施转化"的情形下,用于奖励该项科技成果完成者和转化实施者的比例在5%-10%之间。与国外情况相比,我国的政策缺乏强有力的法律约束,知识产权保护力度不足,技术转移收益分配中对个人的激励力度略显不足,因此要在以下三个方面对政策加以完善:加快技术要素参与收入分配的立法研究和实施进程;鼓励科技人员在科研机构和企业间自由流动和获得报酬;增加科技成果完成人在科技成果转化收益中的分配比例。

This article is based on the 66 policies introduced by our country of profits distribution contributed by the technical factors. Text analysis is adopted, focusing on the content, feature and deficiency of these policies collected. We can find that： Majority of the policy is formulated by local government, the policy of the central government and ministries takes a small amount; the number of policy in the eastern and middle region is much more larger than the western region; On technical factors involved in the proportion of income distribution; In the case of scientific and technological achievements is sold to others, the share of rewards to individuals is between 20-30%, In the case of achievements is transformed by themselves or cooperate with others, the share of rewards to individuals is between 5% to 10%. Compared with the practice in other countries, China＇s policy is lack of strong legal constraints, lack of protection of intellectual property and seems slightly insufficient on personal incentive. So three kinds policy should be perfected： Speeding up legislation on research and processes of rewards to technical factors; encouraging scientific and technological personnel to flow freely between research institutions and enterprises and get paid; encouraging the individuals to participate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and increasing the distribution proportion of income to the individuals.