19世纪美国圣地游记与贝都因人的文化重构

On the Cultural Reconstruction of the Bedouin and the American Holy-Land Travel Writing in the 19^(th)-century

游牧部落贝都因人在阿拉伯世界里被视为精神贵族,而在19世纪美国圣地游记里贝都因人却被描绘成恶魔的形象。这种刻板印象的形成除了其自身的民族传统和部落特性外,还有文化和经济的因素。在19世纪美国圣地游记文本和书写的空间里,他们成为被表征的对象,在附加了基督教文化观念、东方修辞和东方想象等一系列外在因素后,他们已不再是原来的贝都因人,而是被重新建构的贝都因人。沙漠之子、流浪的以实玛利在东方隐喻的世界里叠加成了贝都因人之沙漠中的撒旦意象。本文旨在阐释19世纪的美国人在盎格鲁-新教文化视角下对东方的误读与建构。

The oriental nomad Bedouins are regarded as spiritual aristocracy in the Arabian world, but as Satan in the 19th -century American Holy-Land travel writing. Such stereotype resulted from the tribe＇ s characters, their national tradition and other cultural and economic factors. Bedouin were represented in the travel writings and other kinds of writings in the 19th century in America. As reconstructed with the combination of such external factors as Christian culture, oriental rhetoric and imagination, they were no longer the original ones. Originally, children of the desert, roaming Ishmaels constitute the image of Satan of the desert. This article explores the misinterpretation and construction of the orient in the point of view of Anglo-Protestant culture in the 19th century America.