从亚里士多德四因说角度解读康德的自由任意

Interpretation of Kant's Free Choice from the Perspective of Aristotle's Doctrine of Four Causes

四因说是亚里士多德综合性思维的集中表现,也能够成为理解康德自由任意最全面的视角。康德在近代哲学中扮演的角色相当于亚里士多德在古希腊时期的地位,他在认识论上整合了天赋观念和经验质料,在实践哲学与目的论中统一了现象和物自身,这种工作类似于亚里士多德对柏拉图与当时自然哲学家思想的综合。这两位大哲学家在思维方式上的内在联系可从这一研究视角得以充分呈现。

Kant＇s role in modern philosophy is similar to Aristotle＇s position in ancient philosophy. He integrated innate idea and experience material in epistemology, and unified phenomena and things in themselves in metaphysics and teleology. The work amounts to Aristotle＇s achievements which synthesize thoughts of his seniors. Doctrine of four Causes is the typical performance of this comprehensive way of thinking, and it also becomes the best view for people to understand Kant＇s theory of free choice. Therefore, logical relationship between the two philosophers can be presented from this perspective.