我国大中型医药制造企业研发投入影响因素的实证分析

Empirical Study on Influencing Factors for R&D Investment in Large and Medium-sized Pharmaceutical Industry in China

目的:探讨影响我国大中型医药制造企业研发投入的关键因素,为政府和企业决策提供理论依据,以最有效的措施来增加研发投入。方法:选取6个影响我国大中型医药制造企业研发投入的综合性指标,采用因子分析法获得主成分因子,再用主成分因子进行线性回归,构建我国大中型制药企业研发投入影响因素的评价体系,科学评价研发投入的影响因素。结果:影响我国大中型医药制造企业研发投入的各因素中,政府资助、研究人员占比、企业经营状况对于企业研发投入的影响比较大,各指标的系数依次减小,影响程度也依次降低。结论:从政府层面来说,应增加对大中型医药制造企业的资金支持,直接增加研发投入;通过专利保护、科技创新奖励、税收优惠等政策来发挥政府的主导作用,引导医药制造企业增强创新意识,积极增加创新投入;切实落实新修订的《药品生产质量管理规范》,提高医药制造行业的市场准入门槛,维护医药制造业良好的竞争环境,创造市场创新氛围。从企业角度来看,经营状况是研发投入的物质储备基础,增大企业的规模,增加产品盈利水平和留存收益,将有助于研发投入的增加;研发团队是企业研发投入的直接要素,拥有强大的研发团队将会更加有效地增加研发投入。

Objective： To explore the key factors affecting research and development （R＆D） investment in the large and medium-sized Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, and provide a theoretical basis for the government and enterprises to take the most effective measures to increase R＆D investment. Methods： Six comprehensive indexes influencing R＆D investment were selected for factor analysis to obtain the principal component factors. Linear regression was performed with the principal component factors to establish an scientific evaluation system for factors influencing R＆D investment. Results： Among the various factors influencing R＆D investment, factors such as government fund, proportion of researchers and business conditions had greater influence. The influence degree decreased along with the decrease of coefficients of each factor. Conclusion： The government should enhance fund support for large and medium-sized Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises and directly increase R＆D investment; it should a leading role through patent protection, scientific and technological innovation incentives, preferential tax policy to guide the manufacturing enterprises to enhance their awareness and investment of innovation; it should and implement GMP requirements and raise the threshold for market access so as to maintain the good competition environment of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and to create the market innovation atmosphere. From an enterprise perspective, the business condition of the enterprise is the material reserve for R＆D investment. Therefore increasing the scale of enterprises, product profitability and retained earnings will contribute to the increase of investment. Being the direct factor of R＆D investment, a strongR＆D team will increase R＆D investment more effectively.