产业转型升级初期企业技术培训供给缺失与“技工荒”问题研究

Research of enterprise technology training supply shortage and mechanic shortage in industry transferring and upgrading initial stage

新世纪以来,伴随着技术更新换代和产业转型升级,"技工荒"问题持续影响着中国企业运营和经济社会发展。本文从企业微观主体出发,构建一个企业技术培训供给模型,讨论企业通过内部培训提高劳动者技术和生产率的条件,得出了以下结论:在产业转型升级初期,尽管企业对技术技能型劳动者需求增加,但企业受培训成本、时间、设备等客观条件制约使得内部技术培训供给缺失,企业技术培训供给和劳动力市场生产率"惯性"地停滞在低水平状态并难以通过市场本身力量解决,导致"技工荒"问题在一定时期将持续存在;政府采取积极干预措施、增强劳动力市场流动性,会促进企业提供技术培训。本文进一步为地方政府和企业给出了相关对策和建议,以提高企业内部技术培训供给和劳动力市场生产率。

Since the new century, Accompanied by the technological progress and industrial upgrading, the problem of ＂skilled worker shortage＂ continues to af- fect theenterprise＇s operation and economic and social development in China. This article embarks from themi- croscopic subject of enterprise, builds a model of en- terprise＇s technical training supply, discusses the conditions of enterprise＇s internal technical training for improving the laborer＇s technology and productivi- ty, and then gets the following conclusions. At the be- ginning of industry reforming and upgrading, although the enterprise＇s demand for skilled workers increases but the the enterprise＇s intenal technical training is in shortage because of the object constraints such as cost, time, equiment and so on, Therfore the enter- prise＇s technical training supply and the level of la- bor＇s technics and productivity inertially stagnates in the low state and the problem of ＂skilled worker shortage＂lasts for long and will be difficult to solve by the labor market itself. The intervention measure and enhancing the liquidity of labor market by the gov- ernment will be advantageous to the enterprise＇s tech- nical training supply. Finally the paper puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions for the local governments and enterprises.