日本现代文学中的“战争伤痕”研究——以山崎丰子的社会小说为例

“War Scar Literature”of Contemporary Japanese Literature—A Case Study of Social Novels of Toyoko Yamasaki

二战以后,一些日本作家开始将目光投向战争本身,通过查阅文献、实地采访等方式进行现实主义文学创作,笔触涉及战争场景、军人个体和社会动向,形成了一定意义上的"战争伤痕"文学。其中,人物的共同特征之一是具有"战争体验"。但是,一部分人物、如《不毛地带》中的一岐正等被表现得过于高大,文学虚构性掩盖了历史真实性,反映出作者对战争伤害的认知缺乏彻底性和客观性,易使读者产生误导,令其陷入民族主义的定向性思维。因此,需要通过文学批评,帮助日本民众了解战争、反思历史。

After the Second World War,some Japanese writers began to turn their writing focus to the War itself by referring to the literature and doing field studies. A rising number of realistic works,the so called ＂war scar literature＂were then created focusing on war scenes,individual soldiers and social trends. One of the shared features of figures in these works was their real war experiences. Some figures,however,were presented too high profile,e. g,Tadashi Iki in Fumō Chitai. In such case,the literacy imagination tended to cover historical authenticity,which reflects a lack of complete and objective understanding of hurts brought about by the war. It may mislead the readers by forming a directed sense of nationalism. In this regard,literacy criticism is therefore necessary to help Japanese people to understand and reflect over the history.