肾移植患者术后1年内泌尿系统感染危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors in urinary tract infection during the first year after renal transplantation

【目的】分析肾移植术后1年内出现泌尿系感染可能的危险因素。【方法】回顾性分析2006年1月至2012年12月间在我院或外院行肾移植术,1年内来我院就诊的患者的临床资料。收集上述患者术后1年内尿常规等相关临床资料进行总结分析。【结果】共84例患者(19.8%)在术后1年内发生泌尿系感染,其中最常见的致病菌为大肠埃希菌。女性、急性排斥反应、CMV感染、服用他克莫司以及术中留置输尿管双J管的患者更易发病(P<0.05)。根据多因素Logistic回归分析结果发现性别是术后泌尿系感染发病的独立危险因素,即女性更易发病(P<0.05)。【结论】肾移植术后泌尿系感染发病率较高,最常见的致病菌为大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌。性别因素作为独立的危险因素应该引起临床医师足够的重视,加强护理与治疗,改善患者预后。

[Objective] To analyze the risk factors in urinary tract infection（UTI） during the first year after renal transplantation. [ Methods ] In a case-control study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the patients who underwent renal transplantation in our hospital or other hospitals from January 2006 to December 2012 and were treated in our hospital in one year. The urine routine and other clinical data in one year after renal transplantation were summarized and analyzed. [ Results ] Eighty-four renal transplant recipi- ents suffered UTI in one year after the surgery（19.8%）. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen. It was found that female, acute rejection, CMV infection, tacrolimus and intraoperative indwelling double J stents were significantly associated with UTI in term of the single factor（P〈0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender was an independent risk factor in the incidence of UTI after operation, i.e. women were more likely to suffer the disease（P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The incidence of UTI is high after renal trans- plantation. The most common pathogens are Escherichia coll. and Enterococcus faecalis. Clinicians should pay enough attention to gen- der, one of independent risk factors, strengthen nursing and treatment, and improve the prognosis of patients..