家庭背景与教育获得——女性在代际流动中的作用

Family Background and Status Attainment:the Role of Women in the Intergenerational Mobility

教育与地位获得的经典研究源于布劳和邓肯模型,但是这个模型却将女性排除在外,在后来的研究当中,女性的因素也一直没有得到足够的重视。母亲的教育程度和是否全职工作对于子女教育地位获得的影响值得研究。运用CGSS2008,通过列联表、一般多元线性回归、Logistic回归,对女性对子女教育获得的影响进行实证研究,得出如下结论:第一,在历时性分析中,母亲的教育程度以及是否工作两个因素对于子女教育获得的影响无论在哪一阶段都是正向显著的,同时解释力是不断上升的。第二,在子女高中和大学的转换率方面,母亲的教育程度的影响总是正向显著的;而14岁时母亲是否全职工作这个因素在高中转换率方面影响显著,但在大学转换率方面显著性不强。

Among the classical studies in education and status attainment is Blau--Duncan Status Attainment Model, which, however, excludes the role of women. This factor has remained under--evaluated in successive studies. It is worthwhile to study the mother factor for the benefit of the offspring in their education status attainment, specifically, mother s education level and full-time worker or not. The relevant data in China General Social Survey in 2008 are statistically analyzed by means of contingency tables, general multiple linear regression and logistic regression to explore the influence of mother factor on the status attainment of the of{spring. The findings include： diachronically, the education level of mothers and whether they have a full-time job have positively significant influence on the status attainment of the offspring independently of the growth phase of the of{spring, and the explanatory power is increasing; the high school and college conversion rate of the offspring are al- ways positively and significantly influenced by the education level of mothers; high school conversion rate significantly corresponds with whether mothers have a full-time job when the children are at the age of fourteen while college conversion rate does not.