惠州市儿科护士工作压力与心理健康状况的调查研究

The investigation of the pediatric nurse occupational stress and mental health fromHuizhou City

目的对惠州市儿科护士工作压力来源及心理健康状况进行调查，并对两者的相关性进行分析。方法采取整群随机抽样方法选取2013年1-10月广东省惠州市2级以上的15家综合医院、妇幼保健院的252名儿科注册护士，采用自制一般情况量表、护士工作压力源量表及SCL-90（症状自评量表）对护士的工作压力来源和心理健康状况进行调查分析，并采用SPSS15．0统计学软件对两者的相关性进行分析。结果不同年龄、婚姻状况、学历、护龄、职称的护士在护理专业及工作方面、时间分配及工作量方面比较，差异均有统计学意义（F=3．240、5．012；t=7．876、5．410；f=10．557、8．765；F=7．521、10．017；F=7．401、8．230，均P〈0．05）。其余方面比较，差异无统计学意义。SCL-90（症状自评量表）各因子得分及总均分与国内常模相比，除人际关系因子比较差异无统计学意义外，其余比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。儿科护士压力总均分和SCL-90总均分具有显著相关性（r=0．352，P〈0．01）。结论不同年龄、婚姻状况、学历、护龄、职称对儿科护士工作压力存在着一定程度的影响，尤其是护理专业及工作、时间分配及工作量方面，且工作压力大小直接影响着护士的心理健康。本研究结果可以为护理管理人员维护护士的身心健康提供一定的参考。

Objective To investigate the pediatric nurse occupational stress and mental health from Huizhou City, and analyze the relationship between them. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select 252 pediatric registered nurses who came from 15 general hospitals （ class two or more and Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Huizhou City from January to October in 2013. Homemade general scale, occupational stress scale and SCL-90 were used to investigate and analyze the pediatric nurse occupational stress and mental health, and analyze the relationship between then SPSS15.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Results Different age, marital status, education, aged care, job nurses were compared in the nursing profession and work, time allocation and comparative workload, the differences were statistically significant （F = 3.240, 5.012; t = 7.876, 5.410; t = 10.557, 8.765; F = 7.521, 10.017; F= 7.401, 8. 230, all P〈0. 05 ） . The differences were not statistically significant in the rest. The score of each factor and total average in SCL-90, compared with the score of national norm except the score of interpersonal factor, the differences were statistically significant （ all P〈0. 05） . The total average score between Pediatric nurse stress and SCL-90 was significantly correlated （r = 0. 352, P〈0. 01） . Conclusions Different age, marital status, education, aged care, job nurses are effect on pediatric nurse occupational stress, especially the nursing profession and work, time allocation and comparative workload, and occupational stress is also effect on the mental health. The con- tent provides a reference for nursing managers to maintain physical and mental health of nurses.