利用电子自旋共振(ESR)技术研究一氧化氮自由基在心脑血管疾病和健康中的“双刃剑”作用（英文）

“Double Edge” Effects of Nitric Oxide Free Radical in Cardio-Brain-Vascular Diseases and Health Studied by ESR

一氧化氮(NO)是一个简单的气体自由基,在心血管、免疫和神经系统是一个重要的信号分子.NO由不同形式的NO合酶,内皮型NO合酶(eN OS),神经型NO合酶(n NOS)和诱导型NO合酶(iN OS)在不同细胞中产生.NO在调节血压和血管稳态方面发挥重要的生理作用,但是,由i NOS产生过量的NO就会抑制心脏收缩、损伤线粒体甚至引起细胞凋亡.NO可以影响神经递质释放及突出体生成过程和可塑性,NO在脑的发育和维持调节脑回路、作为学习的信号分子发挥着重要作用.然而,越来越多的证据表明,如果NO产生过多,就可能损伤心血管和神经,甚至引起心脑血管还推行型疾病.该文综述了近年来利用ESR研究NO在心脑血管疾病和健康方面的"双刃剑"作用和天然抗氧化剂的保护作用的一些结果.

Nitric oxide （NO） is a simple gas with free radical properties. It appears as a major signaling molecule in cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. NO is generated by three isoforms of NO synthase, endothelial NO synthase （eNOS）, neuronal NO synthase （nNOS） and inducible NO synthase （iNOS） in different cells. It is known that NO is an important physiological molecule in the regulation of blood pressure, vascular tone, however, excessive NO produced by iNOS results in inhibition of cardiac contractility, impairment of mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. NO has been shown to influence neurotransmitter release and synaptogenetic processes, modulate the synaptic plasticity, indicating that NO plays an important role in the development, maintenance and regulation of brain circuits, as signaling molecule in mammary and learning. Increasing evidences indicate that excessive NO may damage cardiovascular and neurons and even cause cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We review the results about the “double edge” effects of NO in cardio-brain-vascular health and diseases and the protective effects of antioxidants in recent years studied by ESR.