性少数人群的心理健康:理论模型与研究取向

The Mental Health of Sexual Minorities: Theoretical Models and Research Orientations

性少数人群包括男女同性恋者和双性恋者。性少数压力模型认为,性少数个体因性少数身份而受到压力,性少数压力对性少数个体的心理健康有重要的影响。性少数压力包括外部压力(偏见、歧视、污名)和内部压力(身份认同、身份隐藏与出柜)。性少数压力与健康的研究主要有两种研究取向。群体间研究取向着重将性少数个体与异性恋者进行比较,发现性少数人群存在更多的消极心理问题。群体内研究取向以性少数压力模型为基础,证实了性少数压力对心理健康的影响。

Sexual minorities include gay, lesbians and bisexuals. The Sexual Minority Stress Model （SMSM） holds that, the sexual minority stress has a huge impact on the mental health of sexual minority individuals as they suffer from their identities. The sexual minority stress included external stress （prejudice, discrimination and stigma） and internal stress （minority identity, concealment and coming out）. There were two different research orientations in the research of relationships between sexual minority stress and mental health. The between-group studies emphasized on the differences between sexual minority individuals and heterosexuals, thus finding out that sexual minorities suffered from more negative psychological problems. The within-group studies documented the effect of sexual minority stress on mental health on the basis of the SMSM.