低泡防锈型水基金属清洗剂的研究与开发

Study and development of low-foam and anti-rust water-based metal cleaner

开发了一种低泡、高效、防锈和环保的水基金属清洗剂，研究了不同表面活性剂在不同温度和不同油污含量的清洗液中的消泡状况，探讨了无水偏硅酸钠含量对清洗剂的洗净率的影响以及以聚三元羧酸酯H5768和羧酸胺为防锈剂对钢材和铝材的缓蚀作用，确定了清洗剂的最佳配方为：无水偏硅酸钠0.5%～2.0%，H57682%～4%，羧酸胺防锈剂2%～5%，PAA 1%～3%，DPNS 5%～8%，TXO 4%～6%，水余量。该清洗剂在40＆#176;C以上无泡，能有效抑制清洗中由于油污皂化引起的泡沫，工作液中清洗剂的用量为5%，清洗时间5 min，工件的洗净率可达99%以上。该清洗剂对钢材和铝材均有很好的防锈性能，符合JB/T 4323.1–1999标准的要求，并在国内几家大型金属零件制造公司获得应用。

A water-based metal cleaner characterized by low-foam, high-efficiency, anti-rust, and environmental friendliness was developed. The defoaming condition of the cleaner using different surfactants at various temperatures and being contaminated by different dosages of oil dirt was studied. The effect of dosage of anhydrous sodium metasilicate on the cleaning rate and the effect of polytricarboxylic acid ester H5768 and carboxylic acid amine as anti-rust agent on the corrosion inhibition for steel and aluminum materials were discussed. The optimized formulation of the cleaner were determined as follows：anhydrous sodium metasilicate 0.5%-2.0%, H5768 2%-4%, carboxylic acid amine antirust agent 2%-5%, PAA 1%-3%, DPNS 5%-8%, TXO 4%-6%, and water balance. The cleaner has no foam over 40 ＆#176;C, which can effectively inhibit the foam formation caused by saponification of oil during cleaning. The cleaning efficiency of workpiece cleaned in the working solution with 5%cleaner for 5 min reaches 99%. The cleaner has excellent rust resistance for steel and aluminum materials, which fulfills the requirement of JB/T 4323.1–1999 standard and has been applied in some large-scale metal part manufacturers in China.