葡萄树形态结构与生长发育过程数字化表达方法研究

Research on Digitizing Morphological Structure and Growth Process of Grape Tree

【目的】用数字化方式描述植物形态结构与生长发育过程,是正确认识和表达植物生长发育规律的有效手段。本文旨在对形态结构较为复杂的葡萄树进行精确描述与定量分析,对葡萄树的数字化表达和处理技术进行研发与深化。【方法】针对葡萄树的形态结构特征和生长发育过程,划分并定义葡萄树的基本结构单元,包括葡萄树主干、多年生蔓、新梢和着生于枝蔓上的器官,其中新梢包括果枝和营养枝;着生于枝蔓上的器官包括芽、花序、果穗、副梢、叶片和卷须等。基于对葡萄树结构单元的划分,借鉴国内外结构单元的命名经验、习惯与演变趋势并结合田间观察结果,遵循葡萄树各结构单元出生的时空顺序,系统地提出了以年为单位的葡萄树地上部各结构单元数字化命名方案,以字母表示结构单元的类型,数字表明出生顺序和结构单元编号。命名方案还包含了各结构单元的着生关系和分枝来源等信息,整合了多年生长机制下由新梢到蔓,再到多年生蔓的生长变化过程,并以节间为单位,以有序集的方式描述了新梢的构成。在命名方案基础上,给出了组合器官与复杂操作表示方法,包括(1)基于结构单元命名的葡萄树结果母枝与结果枝组的复杂器官表示方法;(2)人工修剪对葡萄树结构变化的数字化描述;(3)以年为单位的葡萄树动态生长数字化描述;(4)多年生葡萄树生长发育过程回溯;(5)基于葡萄树结构表示的各级结构单元量化统计分析等方法。【结果】以郑州国家葡萄种质资源圃极短梢修剪的V字形‘赤霞珠’葡萄树和北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所试验温室的搭架式T字形‘香妃’葡萄树为例,分别给出两种树形的数字化表达,实现了复杂葡萄树结构的明确表示,包括各器官的唯一性命名、各器官的连接关系等。在结构表示的基础上,进行了新梢结构单元量化统计、副梢及卷须人工修剪、种植年限增加带来的葡萄树结构变化表达等的数字化描述,结果表明方法对不同树形、不同生长时期葡萄树形态结构描述的普适性与有效性。【结论】葡萄树形态结构的数字化表示有助于更加直观地理解葡萄树的形态结构与生长发育方式,对葡萄树功能-结构模型的构建,实现葡萄树形态结构的精确描述、可视化表达、定量分析,以及对葡萄树内部各要素的状态、发展演变过程的定量计算和模拟及进一步的预测和评价具有重要意义。葡萄树结构单元划分与命名方案对相似结构的木本植物研究有一定的借鉴与参考作用。

【Objective】 Describing the morphology structure and growth process of plants in a digital way is an effective means of correctly understanding and expressing the development regulation of plants.In order to accurately describe and quantitatively analyze the grape trees with complex morphological structure,the digital expression and processing technologies of grape trees were studied in depth.【Method】 The basic structure unit was divided and defined according to the morphological structure and growth process of grape tree,including the truck,perennial canes,new shoot and organs on the shoots.The new shoots include bearing and vegetative shoots.Organs on the shoots include buds,inflorescence,ears,secondary shoots,leaves and tendrils.Referencing the experience,habits,and trend of structure naming strategy at home and abroad,combining the actual field observation and following the temporal and space order of growth sequences of each structure unit,a naming scheme for the above ground structure units of grape trees at an annual rate was proposed.The first letters indicate the type and the figures showing the birth order of structure unit.The naming scheme also contains information of the growth and branching source relationship between the relative structure units.It integrated the shoot change process from the initial new shoot to the cane and then to the perennial cane under the perennial mechanism.The new shoots were constituted using an ordered set way in the scheme.On the basis of the naming scheme,the representation method of compound organs and complex operations was given,including representation method of complex organs such as bearing basal shoots and bearing shoot group; digital description of grape tree structure changes by artificial pruning; growth representation of grape trees at an annual rate; growth process backtracking of perennial grape trees; quantitative statistical analysis method of each structure unit.【Result】 Taking the short shoot pruned V font shape Cabernet Sauvignon grape tree in Zhengzhou National Grape Germplasm Resources Garden and T font shape Xiangfei grape tree in the experimental greenhouse in Institute of Forestry and Pomology of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences as an example,the digital expression of the selected two trees was given respectively.The digital expression realized a clear representation of the two trees with complex structures,including the unique naming of each organ and the connection relationship of each other.On the basis of the structure expression,structure units on a new shoot were counted to make a quantitative statistic.The morphological structure change expression such as secondary shoot and tendril pruning and tree annual growth were illustrated as well.The application of digitized grape trees showed the universality and effectiveness of the method for the description of different forms and different growth periods of grape trees.【Conclusion】 This study contributes to a more intuitive understanding of grape tree morphological structure and growth mode.It has important significance for constructing the functional-structural model,for realizing precisely describing morphological structure of grape trees,visualization expression and quantitative analysis,etc.The study also has important significance for quantitative calculating and simulating the condition,development and evolution of the internal factors of grape trees,and for further prediction and evaluation of these factors.At last,the structure unit definition and naming scheme have reference values to research the woody plants of similar morphological structures.