深圳市福田区不同体质指数和腰围慢性病高风险人群控油限盐知信行调查

Investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about salt and oil intake in high risk population for chronic diseases with different body mass index and waistline of Shenzhen Futian community

目的了解深圳市福田区慢性病高风险人群控油限盐知识态度行为,为今后开展健康管理和生活方式干预提供参考依据。方法在深圳市福田区随机抽取12个社区,结合多种筛查途径(体检资料查询、日常门诊发现、家庭医生发现和义诊发现),对所抽取社区35岁以上无高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的人群提供免费体检筛查,符合慢性病高风险人群标准的纳入研究对象,最终确定1 923名慢性病高风险人群为研究对象。结果调查对象中知晓"每人每天油和盐摄入量"分别占12.7%和41.4%;认为"控油和限盐有必要"为89.6%和82.9%;"饮食上采取控油和限盐措施"占42.0%和49.4%。控油知识方面,文化程度为大专、本科及以上和腰围正常人群对"每人每天油摄入量"的知晓率较高。限盐知识方面,年龄65岁以上、文化程度为大专、本科及以上者和BMI正常者对"每人每天盐摄入量"的知晓率较高。态度方面,文化程度为大专、本科及以上人群和超重人群认为控油有必要的比例更高。行为方面多因素分析显示,性别、文化程度、BMI、腰围、是否知晓油摄入量和是否认为控油有必要是饮食采取控油行为的影响因素。年龄、文化程度、腰围、是否知晓盐摄入量和是否认为限盐有必要是饮食采取限盐行为的影响因素。结论深圳市福田区慢性病高风险人群的控油限盐知信行状况有待提升,今后应对其加强健康教育和行为干预。

Objective To know the knowledge, attitude and practice condition of salt and oil in residents with high-risk of chronic disease in Shenzhen Fu Tian District and to provide the evidence of health management and intervention of lifestyle. Methods Twelve communities in Futian district of Shenzhen were randomly selected and a variety of screening methods （physical examination data query, daily outpatient discovery, family doctor discovery and clinic finding） were used for screening. The medical examination for residents （≥ 35 years old） without hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was free of charge. According to the standards of high-risk groups of chronic diseases, 1 923 residents with high-risk of chronic diseases were served as the subjects. Results The awareness rate of oil and salt daily intake was 12.7% and 41.4%. There were 89.6% and 82.9% of subjects who thought it was necessary to control oil and salt intake. There were 42.0% and 49.4% of subjects who would like to control the oil and salt intake. The awareness rates of oil intake in the subjects with high education level or normal waistline were high. The awareness rates of salt intake in the subjects with high education level or normal BMI or ≥ 65 years old were high. The gender, education level, BMI, waistline were influencing factors for oil intake. The age, education level and waistline were influencing factors for salt intake. Conclusion The knowledge, attitude and practice condition of salt and oil intake should be improved, and the health education and behavior intervention should be conducted in residents with high risk of chronic disease.