从史前聚落地理变迁看台湾原住民文化的发展

On the Development of the Taiwan Aboriginal Culture in the Light of the Geographical Changes of the Prehistoric Settlements Discovered There

台湾原住民的来源、迁徙和扩散,在台湾的历史研究上一直是个重要的问题。然而,受到研究方法和资料的局限,这个问题到现在仍有许多争议。本文试图在前人研究的基础上,通过对台湾从旧石器时代到铁器时代发现的聚落选址进行统计,主要统计其所处的地域和地貌,描述台湾原住民的迁徙和扩散,进而解释台湾原住民文化的发展。本文通过几个时代的聚落分布的不同来解释台湾原住民文化的发展:(1)旧石器时代,台湾原住民集中分布在台东的海滨;(2)新石器早期,台湾原住民主要分布在台湾北部的丘陵;(3)新石器中期,台湾原住民开始呈规模地在西部平原聚落定居;(4)新石器晚期,台湾原住民集中分布在台湾东西两岸的低地聚落;(5)铁器时代,台湾原住民开始成规模的向高山迁徙。

The research on the origin and move of Taiwan Residents aborigines is the essential part of Taiwan historical research. However,many questions remain controversial due to the limitation of archaeological method and documents. This essay, based on the previous research, describes the movement and expansion of Taiwan Residents aborigines through the statistics of the settlement distribution from paleolithic period to the historic period. （ 1 ） in the paleolithic age, Taiwan Residents aborigines were mainly at the seashore of eastern Taiwan ; （2） in the early neolithic age, Taiwan Residents aborigines mainly settled at the hills of northern Taiwan; （3） in the middle neolithic age, Taiwan Residents aborigines started to settle in the western plain in a large scale; （4） in the late neolithic age, Talwanese aborigines mainly settled in the lowland of the eastern and western part of Taiwan ; （ 5 ） in the iron age, Taiwan Residents aborigines initially settled in the mountains of high altitude in a large scale.