弱者的空间实践与无效抵抗——论伊恩·班克斯的《捕蜂器》

Spatial Practice and Invalid Resistance of the Weak:on Iain Banks' The Wasp Factory

社会学家德·塞托提出空间实践和反抗的概念,认为受到监视和规训的弱者/他者始终以微观实践和游击战的方式反抗严整统一的社会秩序,为反本质主义的后现代文化的建构提供了重要的空间视角。苏格兰作家伊恩·班克斯的小说《捕蜂器》通过讲述弗兰克为获取男子汉气概而谋杀亲人、屠戮小动物、与父亲争夺秘密的掌控权,最终却发现自己是女儿身的悲剧,颠覆了现代社会在性别身份、父子/女关系问题上的固化思维方式和传统价值观。弗兰克自以为通过日常生活的实践为自己争取到了空间,从而得以逃避父亲的规训力量。结局证明他是父亲性别改造的试验品,"他"本是女性。"她"的抵抗是为了获取"他"的身份,塑造"自我"却建构了"他者",因此抵抗的意义在此被彻底地解构了。

Spatial practice and resistance are the crucial concepts of Michale de Certeau＇s The Practice of Everyday Life. According to him, the weak / other who is under supervising and discipline never ceases to fight against the solid social system in the way of micro-practice and guerrilla warfare. This theory offers an important spatial view fortheconstructionofpostmodemculture. The Wasp Factory of Scottish writer Iain Banks is a novel perfectly matching the theory. It tells the story of Frank who murdered relatives, killed animals so that to obtain and claim his masculinity and power. At the same time, he secretly resisted his father and tried to reveal his secret. Frank did obtain his own space through his everyday life, and successfully avoided his father＇s controlling power. However, in the end of the novel it tums out that Frank is a girl who has been a sexual experimental object of his father. ＂Her＂ resistance which aims to acquire ＂his＂ identity is absurd and ironic, because she has been constructing a pseudo self. The meaning of the resistance is completely deconstructed.