感染性腹泻的现况调查及危险因素分析

A Cross-Sectional Survey on Infectious Diarrhea and Analysis of Risk Factors

目的深圳市罗湖区感染性腹泻发生的现况及可能的危险因素筛查。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样,进行横断面入户问卷调查,采用Logistic回归分析危险因素与感染性腹泻发生情况之间的关系。结果本次调查共回收有效问卷2214份,感染性腹泻的年发生率为0.56次/人年,其中男性的感染性腹泻发生率为0.63次/人年,女性为0.50次/人年。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,外出就餐史(OR=1.38),生吃凉拌菜(OR=1.24),海产品(OR=1.86),喝生水(OR=1.50),食用过期食品(OR=1.50),食物加热是否熟透(OR=1.53),加工人员是否有手指受伤(OR=2.09),饮食时用手拿(OR=1.51)等8种因素与感染性腹泻的发生有统计学意义的相关(P值均<0.05)。结论感染性腹泻仍是深圳市居民的常见病,其中外出就餐史,不卫生的饮食,食物的加工以及食用方式等可能是感染性腹泻的危险因素。

Objective To study infectious diarrhea status and screen possible risk factors of infectious diarrhea in Luohu District of Shenzhen. Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster random household sampling was used in this cross- sectional survey,and Logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship of risk factors and infectious diarrhea. Re- suits A total of 2214 valid questionnaires were recovered in this survey. The incidence of infectious diarrhea was 0.56 epi- sodes per person-year, and it was 0.63 and 0.50 episodes per person-year for males and females, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that eight risk factors including the history of dining out （ OR = 1.38 ）, eating salad （OR = 1.24） ,eating seafood （OR = 1.86）, drinking unboiled water （OR = 1.50）, eating expired food （OR = 1.50）, whether or not cooked food heating （ OR = 1.53 ）, a finger injury of processing personnel （ OR = 2.09）, and eating with the hand （ OR = 1.51 ） were significantly associated with the incidence of infectious diarrhea （ all P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion infectious diarrhea is still a common disease among residents in Shenzhen. The history of dining out, no health diet, food pro- cessing and the way of eating may be the risk factors of infectious diarrhea.