区域大气环境质量管理的合作机制与政策讨论

Collaboration Mechanism and Policy on Regional Air Quality Management

区域环境管理与合作有助于从区域的角度出发解决由于跨界污染引发的利益冲突和纠纷;同时由于有效的区域管理和合作有可能基于区域间污染治理成本的差异,制定最小成本的污染防治战略,可以因此推动整个区域的协调发展。2010年以来,中国大气污染防治已经开始向区域管理转化,并开始步入跨地区合作的新阶段。但这种转型,尚缺乏有效的制度安排和政策手段的支撑。已有的区域环境管理合作实践所存在的诸多不足和障碍主要源于缺乏不同主体进行有效合作的激励机制,一方面由于各地区所处的经济发展阶段、地方环境保护意识等方面存在差异,往往很难促成真正的整合管理与合作;另一方面体现在相应的责任-利益协调机制缺失,致使跨地区合作难以常规化和长效化。因此,构建合理的区域大气环境管理与合作机制至关重要。本文分析和讨论了区域环境管理与合作中的关键问题,并在此基础上提出构建区域环境管理与合作机制的几点思考。

Regional collaboration and management for air quality is important for addressing and solving the interests conflicts resulted by trans-boundary pollution. In addition, regional management and cooperation can help to reach a least cost solution given the facts that the marginal cost and benefits of pollution control varies among regions. Although many efforts in China made for transforming the air quality management from a local based to a regional based feature since 2010, there are no sufficient institutional arrangement and policy tools to support. The current gaps and obstacles, as well as the key issues are discussed by this paper, with support of empirical study finding. This paper further discussed the policy recommendations for addressing the least cost solution and regional coordination scheme.