疏水性聚氨酯泡沫的吸油性能及其连续吸油装置的设计

Oil absorption properties of hydrophobic polyurethane foam and design of continuous oil absorber

研究交联剂三乙醇胺和催化剂辛酸亚锡的用量对合成的疏水性聚四氢呋喃（聚醚）聚氨酯（PU-PTHF）泡沫快速吸油材料吸油率的影响,考察PU-PTHF对多种油品的吸附作用及在振荡混合的柴油-水体系中对柴油的选择性吸附和重复使用性.结果表明：当三乙醇胺和辛酸亚锡的用量分别为2.1～2.6份和0.24份,且m（聚四氢呋喃三元醇（PTHF-T,Mw≈4 400））∶m（聚氧化丙烯三元醇（PPO-T,Mw,≈4 400））∶m（有机硅油）∶m（水）∶m（三乙烯二胺）∶m（甲苯二并氰酸酯（TDI））=15∶85∶1.5∶5.0∶0.8∶40时,其吸油性能最佳;对油品的吸油率分别为：四氯化碳69.1 g/g、二甲苯51.1 g/g、甲苯50.5 g/g和柴油29.8 g/g;在振荡混合的柴油-水体系中具有较好的油-水选择吸附性,对柴油的吸油率仍达到29.5 g/g,重复10次吸油率仍无改变.值得强调的是该材料具有快速吸油的特点,3 ～5 min内即可达到吸油平衡,0.5 min内可达到饱和吸附量的95％.在上述性能的基础上,设计出一种连续可升降履带式快速溢油处理装置.该装置将上述快速吸油材料包覆在连续可升降履带上可实现对水面溢油事故的连续化处理.

The effects of the dosage of triethanolamine and stannous octoate on the oil adsorption capacity of hydrophobic poly （tetrahydrofuran） polyurethane （PU-PTHF） foam were investigated and the adsorption performance of PU-PTHF in various oil systems was studied.The selective adsorption ability to diesel and reusability of PU-PTHF was investigated in mixed diesel-water system.Results showed that the oil adsorption capacity was optimal when 2.1-2.6 portion triethanolamine and 0.24 portion stannous octoate were used,and the mass ratio of PTHF-T （Mw ≈ 4 400）,PPO-T （Mw ≈ 4 400）,silicone oil,deionized water,triethylene diamine and toluene diisocyanate （TDI） was equal to 15∶85 ∶1.5∶5.0∶0.8 ∶40.The oil adsorption capacity of the PU-PTHF reached up to 69.1 g/g for carbon tetrachloride,51.1 g/g for dimethyl benzene,50.5 g/g for toluene and 29.8 g/g for diesel oil.In oscillation mixed diesel-water systen,the PU-PTHF had a better selective adsorption ability to diesel.And the oil adsorption capacity could reach to 29.5 g/g and the oil adsorption capacity maintained constant after being repeatedly used for 10 cycles.It was worth to emphasize that this material could reach adsorption equilibrium in 3-5 min and obtain 95％ of oil adsorption capacity in the first 0.5 min.Based on excellent properties of the adsorption material,a lifting track type spill control adsorber was designed for oil spill cleaning.The rapid oil adsorption materials were coated on the lifting track and could achieve continuous adsorption of oil spill on the water surface.