论《三国演义》的预叙艺术

The Art of Pre-narrative in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

与西方古典小说常用倒叙手法设置悬念不同,我国古代小说对预叙特别偏爱。《三国演义》对预叙使用频率极高,异兆预叙、梦预叙以及预言预叙构成其三大主要类型,这些预叙在内容和形式上与《史记》、《三国志》等史传叙事表现出明显的相似性和继承性,同时又与《金瓶梅》、《红楼梦》等其他明清小说在叙述策略上形成某种横向的互涉关联。正是这种纵向继承性与横向指涉性为我们呈现了小说文本意义得以存在的文化土壤。

Compared with the Western classic novels which frequently use the technique of flashback to set a suspense,the Chinese ancient novels are prefer pre-narrative,which has been used in high frequency in The Romance of Three Kingdoms,including three major types,namely,the omen pre-narrative,dream pre-narrative and predict pre-narrative. This technique was an obvious inheritance to the previous historical works such the Records of the Grand Historian and The Records of the Three Kingdoms. At the same time,it has a relation of lateral reference with other novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties such as the The Golden Lotus and A Dream of Red Mansions. It is the vertical inheritance and the lateral reference demonstrates the cultural soil for the existence of the meaning of these novel texts.