章太炎晚年的民族关怀与“士”之理想

Zhang Taiyan's National Care and His Ideal of “Scholar” in His Later Years

章太炎是清末民初的革命家、思想家、国学大师。他的思想一生经历了不少变化,比较复杂,其中不乏自相矛盾的方面。学者对章氏思想多有论述,而对其晚年思想的评价,往往颇有微词,认为他晚年退居书斋,与时代隔绝。然而这种评价未必公允。通过对章太炎晚年在苏州等地学术演讲中所包含的思想进行梳理,可以看出他在讲学和实践中所贯穿的对民族经典、历史及语言文学的重视,对士人气节和力行精神的强调,无不透露出章太炎对当时国家危亡的忧虑,对民族命运的关怀,对"士"之人格理想的追求以及以天下为己任的现实担当精神。

Zhang Taiyan is a revolutionary,a thinker,as well as a master of Chinese traditional scholarship at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the PRC. His thought,which is complex with many contradictions,has gone through many changes during his life time. Scholars have done many researches on his thought.They usually give a negative comments on his later years thought,considering him as retreat to his studio and segregated himself from the society and the time. However,this comment is not fair for him. By analyzing his academic lectures in Suzhou and other places in his later years,we may find his emphasizing on the national classics,language and literature,and the integrity,the spirit of energetic practice. All of these expresses his concern,care and worry for the crisis of the country and the destiny of the nation,as well as his pursuing for the ideal personality of a traditional scholar,his spirit of take the world affairs as his own responsibility.