矿山钻孔三维模型构建与可视化方法

Techniques for Three-dimensional Modeling and Visualizing of Borehole Data

为了建立矿床三维地质模型，研究了基于矿山钻孔数据的钻孔三维模型构建及可视化方法。采用与平台无关的SQLite嵌入式数据库管理钻孔数据，设计了钻孔数据的孔口、样品分析、测斜和地质岩性等4个表结构，分析了建立钻孔三维模型时钻孔数据存在的2种错误类型。将钻孔轨迹曲线转化为折线，给出了均角全距法、全角半距法等2种钻孔轨迹折线计算公式。采用钻孔图形关联属性数据表的数据结构来存储钻孔三维模型，利用点和直线段分别存储钻孔孔口和样品的空间位置数据，数据表存储图形对应的钻孔编号、样品元素品位、体重等属性值。以多段线表示钻孔轨迹，并通过文字、颜色、图形等多种方法实现钻孔属性数据在三维空间的可视化。基于Hoops 3D框架对以上算法进行了实现，并建立了某铜矿32#~56#勘探线钻孔三维模型，根据钻孔轨迹和铜元素品位的可视化结果，圈定了勘探线剖面的铜矿体边界。结果表明，所提出的钻孔三维模型构建方法准确可靠，有助于提高地质分析、矿床地质建模的效率。

In order to establish three-dimensional geological model of ore deposit,techniques for modeling and visualizing of borehole data are proposed. Platform independent SQLite embedded database is utilized and data structures of collar table,sam-ple table,survey table and lithology table are designed to organize and manage the borehole data. Two kinds of errors existed in borehole data are analyzed before creating the three-dimensional borehole model. The curve of borehole trace is simplified as po-lygonal line,then formulas for calculating borehole trace of two mathematical models are put forward,including average angles with total length and total angle with half length. Borehole data structure of graph associating attributes table is proposed to store three-dimensional borehole model. Points and line segments are used to store the spatial location of borehole openings and sam-ples,and the data table is used to store the attributes of drilling number,element grade and weight of samples. Borehole trace is displayed by polyline and attributes are visualized by the forms of texts,colors,figures in three-dimensional space. The above al-gorithms are implemented on Hoops 3D platform and the three-dimensional borehole model of a copper mine between 32# and 56# exploration line is built. The copper orebody boundary is delineated through the borehole trace and visualization of copper grade. The results show that the techniques proposed in this paper for creating three-dimensional borehole model is accurate and relia-ble,and it is helpful for enhancing the efficiency of geological analysis and deposit modeling.