基于生态位理论的京津冀城市生态文明评价

Evaluation on urban ecological civilization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations based on niche theory

生态文明评价体系是明确生态文明建设现状、定位生态文明建设存在问题的关键。从城市群视角出发引入生态位理论,界定生态文明位内涵,构建涵盖社会子系统生态位—经济子系统生态位—资源环境子系统生态位共29项指标的城市生态文明评价指标体系,并提出相对生态文明位和生态经济指数的二维模型,测算京津冀城市群6个案例城市在2007—2011年的生态文明建设水平、趋势以及地位。结果显示,2011年北京生态文明水平(相对生态文明位)最高,邢台生态文明水平最低,石家庄、秦皇岛、承德、天津生态文明水平分别排名第2、第3、第4、第5。2007—2011年,北京、承德、邢台生态文明水平呈现波动下降趋势,而秦皇岛、石家庄、天津呈现小幅上升趋势;但生态经济指数测算显示,北京的经济社会发展对于生态资源环境的占用消耗大,承德有较好的经济发展潜力。并基于该二维模型,将京津冀城市生态文明建设分为4种类型:发展失衡型、相对和谐型、高质量发展型、资源环境优势型,分别确定城市生态文明建设重点,为京津冀协同发展提供了指导依据。

Ecological civilization evaluation system is the key point in figuring out the level of ecological civilization and defining its deficiency.The concept of niche was elaborated from the angle of urban agglomerations,the urban ecological civilization niche was defined,and the index system for ecological civilization evaluation was established,which covered social niche-economic niche-resource environmental niche and 29 indicators.Furthermore,the two-dimensional model of relative ecological civilization niche and ecological economic index was raised to evaluate the level,status and trends of the urban ecological civilization construction of 6cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations from 2007 to 2011.It was showed that Beijing had the highest level of ecological civilization in 2011 while Xingtai had the lowest level,Shijiazhuang,Qinhuangdao,Chengde and Tianjin were ranked the second,the third,the fourth and fifth place.During 2007 to 2011,the ecological civilization level showed fluctuated the downward trend for Beijing,Tianjin,Chengde,and trend of rose slightly in Qinhuangdao,Shijiazhuang,Tianjin.The economics of Beijing was on the pattern of ecological over-consumption,and the economics of Chengde had the largest potential capacity of resource and environment.Based on the two-dimensional model,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban ecological civilization construction was divided into four types：unbalanced development,relatively harmonious,high quality development,resources and environment advantage,which confirmed the key points of urban ecological civilization construction in different urbans,and provided the guidance for the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.