含HgS传统药物朱砂和佐太中汞的胃肠道溶出及吸收蓄积研究

Dissolution,absorption and bioaccumulation in gastrointestinal tract of mercury in Hg S-containing traditional medicines Cinnabar and Zuotai

中药朱砂和藏药佐太的主要成分分别为α-Hg S和β-Hg S,但是关于朱砂、佐太、α-Hg S和β-Hg S中的汞在人体胃肠道中的溶出吸收以及在器官中的分布蓄积的比较研究未见报道。该研究模拟了4种硫化汞类化合物在人体胃肠道中的溶出过程,然后测定汞溶出度,分别比较不同药物间汞溶出度差异以及不同溶液的促溶能力差异。为了探究朱砂和佐太在机体内的吸收蓄积情况,分别以其临床等效剂量灌胃小鼠,同时设置与朱砂等汞量的α-Hg S和β-Hg S给药组,以及与佐太等汞量的β-Hg S和Hg Cl2给药组,然后比较各组不同药物中的汞在小鼠体内吸收蓄积能力差异以及小鼠不同组织器官对汞的蓄积能力差异。实验结果表明,佐太在人工胃肠液中的汞溶出度均较大,其次是β-Hg S,朱砂和α-Hg S也有一定的溶出。对于小鼠汞吸收蓄积实验,Hg Cl2吸收蓄积能力最强,β-Hg S其次,α-Hg S略强于朱砂;不同器官对汞的蓄积能力大小依次是肾>肝>脑。该研究贴近临床实际,观察含汞药物朱砂和佐太在胃肠道中的溶出以及吸收分布蓄积,为临床安全用药提供参考,也希望为含重金属药物的安全性评价提供研究模式。

α-HgS is the main component of traditional Chinese medicine cinnabar, while β-HgS is the main component of Tibetan medicine Zuotai. However, there was no comparative study on the dissolution and absorption in gastrointestinal tract and bioaccumulation in organs of mercury in Cinnabar, Zuotai, α-HgS and β-HgS. In this study, the dissolution process of the four compounds in the human gastrointestinal tract was simulated to determine the mercury dissolutions and compare the mercury dissolution of different medicines and the dissolution-promoting capacity of different solutions. To explore the absorption and bioaccumulation of cinnabar and Zuotai in organisms, mice were orally administered with clinical equivalent doses cinnabar and Zuotai. Meanwhile, a group of mice was given α-HgS and β-HgS with the equivalent mercury with cinnabar, while another group was given β-HgS and HgCl2 with the equivalent mercury with Zuotai. The mercury absorption and bioaccumulation capacities of different medicines in mice and their mercury bioaccumulation in different tissues and organs were compared. The experimental results showed a high mercury dissolutions of Zuotai in artificial gastrointestinal fluid, which was followed by β-HgS, cinnabar and α-HgS. As for the mercury absorption and bioaccumulation in mice, HgCl2 was the highest, β-HgS was the next, and α-HgS was slightly higher than cinnabar. The organs with the mercury bioaccumulation from high to low were kidney, liver and brain. This study is close to clinical practices and can provide reference for the clinical safe medication as well as a study model for the safety evaluation on heavy metal-containing medicines by observing the mercury dissolution, absorption, distribution and accumulation of mercury-containing medicines cinnabar and zuotai.