中国非点源污染负荷计算研究现状与存在问题

Current status and problems of non-point source pollution load calculation in China

非点源污染负荷计算对水污染总量控制具有重要意义,为分析中国非点源污染负荷计算研究的现状与问题,在系统调研相关文献的基础上,将中国常用的非点源污染负荷计算方法总结为三大类:输出系数模型、实证模型和机理模型,阐述了各种模型的特点及其在中国的研究和应用情况;从非点源污染的界定、产污量和排污量的区别、国内和国外非点源污染产生环境的差异以及平原河网地区非点源污染负荷的计算4个方面分析了中国非点源污染负荷计算研究存在的主要问题;认为模型和计算方法适应研究区的环境特征是研究工作取得成功的关键,今后要加强实证研究、理论研究与模型开发的结合,逐步建立适应中国环境特点的非点源污染负荷计算方法体系。

Calculation of the load of non-point source pollution （NPS） is of considerable significance in the control of total water pollution. In order to analyze the current status and problems of NPS load calculation in China, the authors provide an overview of previous relevant studies, and summarize the methods by which the NPS loads have been calcu- lated that are commonly used in China. These include export coefficient models, empirically based models, and physi- cally based models. The authors also discuss the problem of NPS load calculation in four respects： The definition of NPS, the difference between the amount of NPS generated and the amount discharged, NPS load calculation in plains regions, and the differences in NPS characteristics between North America and China, regard the key factors underly- ing NPS research is the load calculation models and methods adapted to the characteristic of study area. Finally, some recommendations for these problems are proposed, including strengthening the cooperation in the research fields of em- pirical studies, theory studies and model developments, and developing models and methods adapted to the environ- mental characteristics of China.