大型风机叶片复合材料的三维拓扑优化设计

THREE-DIMENSIONAL TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATIONAL DESIGN OF COMPOSITES MICROSTRUCTURE OF LARGE-SCALE WIND TURBINE BLADE

为实现大型风机叶片的轻量化,对纤维增强风机叶片复合材料进行三维拓扑优化设计。首先,基于均匀化理论,将碳纤维增强风机叶片复合材料等效为等效均质体,预测其宏观等效力学性能;然后,以单元相对密度为设计变量、实体材料总体积分数为约束条件、等效宏观弹性矩阵主对角线分量或分量的加权组合为目标函数建立优化模型。采用固体各向同性材料惩罚模型(SIMP)建立设计变量和宏观弹性模量之间的关系,采用灵敏度过滤技术和优化准则法控制材料的分布。在MATLAB平台上编写了相应程序,对大型风机叶片复合材料进行三维拓扑优化,计算得出不同优化目标下的三维最优结构。数值结果表明了该优化模型的正确性和有效性,为实现风机叶片结构轻质高强设计提供了一种参考。

Three-dimensional topological design of composites microstructure of large-scale wind turbine blade was conducted to achieve its lightweight properties in this paper. By homogenization theory, the effective elasticity of composite reinforced by carbon fiber was derived from the equivalent homogenized microstructure. Optimization model was established by using solid isotropic material with penalization （SIMP） model to build the relationship be- tween the design variables and the macroscopic elastic modulus. In the model, the relative density of each element was defined as design variables, the volume fraction of overall solid material as optimization constraints, the weighted sum of main diagonal elements of the equivalent elasticity modulus matrix as objectives. Optimality criteria combined with sensitivity filter technique was applied to control the distribution of the material. The problem was solved under MATLAB platform. Numerical results of different objectives show correctness and efficiency of the proposed optimi- zation model and have some influences on the lightweight design of wind turbine blade.