应用新型蓄能悬架半车模型的动态性能仿真

Dynamic performance simulation of a new inerter suspension based on the half-car model

为解决车辆主动、半主动悬架能耗较大的问题,进一步探索应用惯容器的蓄能悬架隔振性能优势,提出了一种由2个弹簧元件(主弹簧、副弹簧)、1个阻尼元件和1个惯容器组成新型蓄能悬架结构。建立了应用新型蓄能悬架的半车动力学模型,为有效避免遗传算法容易未成熟收敛的缺陷,采用多种群遗传算法(MPGA)对该新型蓄能悬架参数进行优化求解。时域仿真结果表明,应用新型蓄能悬架的车身垂向加速度均方根值降幅最多可达11.2%,车身俯仰角加速度均方根值降幅最多可达13.2%,悬架动行程均方根值及轮胎动载荷均方根值也均略有降低。新型蓄能悬架结构简单,无需外部能量输入即可使汽车乘坐舒适性及操纵稳定性得到明显改善。

In order to solve the problem of large energy consumption of the active and semi-active suspension and to further explore the isolation performance of an inerter suspension, a new inerter suspension structure was made of two spring elements, one damper element and one inerter element. A half-car model of the inerter suspension was built. To avoid the defect of premature convergence of the classic genetic algorithm, the parameters of the inerter suspension were calculated by the multi-population genetic algorithm. Simulations in the time-domain showed that, the RMS （ root-mean-square） of the vehicle body vertical acceleration was decreased by 11. 2% at most;the RMS of the body pitching angle acceleration was decreased by 13. 2% at most; the RMS of the suspension de-flection and dynamic tire load were all decreased. The new inerter suspension has a simple structure and the performance of ride comfort and handling stability can be improved significantly without en-ergy input.