社会资本视域下美国社区公民参与的衰落及其对中国的启示——以帕特南《独自打保龄球:美国社区的衰落与复兴》为中心的分析

The Decline of American Community Citizen Participation from the Perspective of Social Capital and Its Inspiration to China:Analysis on Robert D.Putnam's Bowling Alone:The Collapse and Revival of American Community

20世纪后期,由于经济压力、城市扩张、电子娱乐、代际更替等原因,美国的社会资本不断流失,社区参与持续衰减。这将对美国的教育、社会安全、公共健康、经济发展以及民主政治带来深远的不利后果。为拯救美国的公民社会,美国人必须对教育、工作场所、城市规划、宗教、通讯技术和政府等进行全方位的改革,增加社会资本的储备,增进美国人的社会联系和公民参与。虽然中国公民社会的发展与美国差距甚远,但美国创造社会资本、振兴社区公民参与的举措对中国的社区建设具有重要的借鉴意义。

In the late Twentieth Century, due to economic pressure, urban expansion, electronic enter- tainment, intergenerational replacement and other reasons, American social capital continued to drain, community participation had been decaying. This would have far reaching consequences of edu- cation, social security, public health, economic development and democratic politics in the United States. To save the civil society and increase the social capital reserves and promote social connections and citizen participation of Americans, full range of reforms must be made to education, workplace, urban planning, religion, communication technology and government in the United States. Although there is a big gap between the development of civil society in China and the United States, the initia- tive of the United States to create social capital and revitalize citizen participation has important refer- ence for community construction in China.