哈贝马斯交往能力理论:谱系·阐释·批判

On the Communicative Competence Theory of Habermas

交往能力理论不仅是哈贝马斯普遍语用学的核心要素之一,而且是构造一般社会化理论和改造社会批判理论的强大武器,在哈贝马斯的理论王国中具有举足轻重的地位和作用。交往能力理论的思想谱系源于转换生成语法学派、发生认识论学派和社会语言学派等诸家之言。全面掌握交往能力理论应从五个方面入手:对三大语言学派的批判综合;对"能力"概念的区分;对必备语法知识的掌握;对交往能力的不同表达;对理想的言语情境的设计。交往能力理论存在三个方面的问题:一是交往能力的先验性;二是机会均等的可能性;三是机会均等的充分性。

The communicative competence theory is not only one of the core elements of universal prag- matics of Habermas,but also the powerful weapon which is useful for construction of universally so- cial theory and transformation of the critical theory of Habermas.It is the foundations in the kingdom of Habermas＇ theory. The Genealogy of the communicative competence theory stemmed from the school of transformational-generative grammar, genetic epistemology and social language. A compre- hensive understanding of it depends on five aspects：the critique of three language schools, the distinc- tion of the competence concept, the grasp of grammar knowledge,different expressions of the commu- nicative competence ,the design of the ideal speech situation.The criticism of it lies in three aspects：a- priority of the communicative competence, adequacy of equal opportunity,and possibility of equal op- portunity.