论俄国形式主义学派的戏仿理论

On the Russian Formalists' Theory of Parody

在俄国形式主义学派的理论家中,什克洛夫斯基、托马舍夫斯基和蒂尼亚诺夫分别对"戏仿"作了较为深入的研究,各自提出了具有独创性的观点。什克洛夫斯基认为戏仿是一种"暴露"他人手法的"陌生化"手法,并能从陈旧的或死亡的形式中创造出新艺术形式;托马舍夫斯基在戏仿的基本观点上呼应、发展和完善了什克洛夫斯基的观点;蒂尼亚诺夫则提出了戏仿的"双重层面"的观点。这三位理论家的戏仿观存在着相互呼应、启发和影响的关系。俄国形式主义者的戏仿理论尽管存在缺陷,但仍然独树一帜,并对20世纪戏仿理论的发展产生了深远的影响。

Among the theorists of the Russian Formalism, Shklovsky, Tomashevsky and Tynyanov sep- arately made deep study of ＂parody＂ and advanced original views.In Shklovsky＇s view, parody is a de- vice for alienation,creating new forms from an old or dead form by laying bare its techniques Toma- shevsky echoed, developed and perfected Shklovsky＇s fundamental views of parody! Tynyanov de- scribed parody as a form of dual planes.The theory of parody of the three theorists progressed by echo- ing, illuminating, influencing each other. In spite of many defects, the Russian Formalists＇ research on parody remained original and profoundly influenced the progress of theory of parody in the 20th centu- ry.