华北油田石油污染土壤的修复植物筛选

Screening of Remediation Plant for Petroleum Contaminated Soils in Huabei Oilfield

为了对华北油田石油污染土壤进行有效的生态恢复,设置了6组不同浓度的石油污染水平,选取4种牧草植物进行盆栽试验,观察其70 d的成活率、株高、生物量,并测定其石油去除率。结果表明:随着石油污染浓度的升高,墨西哥玉米草(Purus frumentum)和苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)的成活率维持在一个相对较高并且较稳定的状态,即使在高污染水平(60 g/kg)下,成活率也高达50.0%以上,对石油污染反应不敏感,在石油污染土壤上具有较强的萌发能力。在整个污染物浓度范围内,墨西哥玉米草和苏丹草的生物量受石油污染影响较小。在浓度为10和40 g/kg时,墨西哥玉米草的石油去除率高达63.00%和39.75%。苏丹草在浓度为20和30 g/kg时石油去除率达到最大,为55.00%和49.67%。上述2种植物根系发达,生长过程中对石油污染危害的调节能力强,其成活率、株高、生物量受石油污染浓度影响均较小,且具有较高的石油去除率。因此,墨西哥玉米草和苏丹草比黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)更适合作为华北油田石油污染土壤的修复植物。

In order to ecological remediation of petroleum contaminated soil in Huabei Oilfield effectively,6 groups of different concentrations of oil contamination level were set and 4 kinds of forage plants were selected to carry out potted experiment observing survival rate,plant height and biomass of 70 d and measuring the oil removal rate. Results showed that with the increase of concentration of petroleum contamination, survival rate of Purus frumentum and Sorghum sudanense remained at a relatively high and relatively stable state. Even in thehigh pollution levels （60 g/kg）,the survival rate was as high as 50% above, being not sensitive to petroleum contamination, and had stronger ability of germination on the petroleum contaminated soil. Within the scope of the pollutant concentration, biomass of Purus frumentum and Sorghum sudanense was a little affected. Under the concentration of 10 g/kg, 40 g/kg, oil removal rate of Purusfrumentum were as high as 63.00% and 39.75%. Under the concentration of 20 g/kg and 30 g/kg, oil removal rate of Sorghum sudanense is the maximum, reaching 55.00% and 49.67%. Self-regulation ability of petroleum contamination hazards is strong with developed root system, with a little impact by pollutants concentrations for survival rate, plant height and biomass and a high oil removal rate. Purus frumentum and Sorghum sudanense are better than Lolium perenne L. and Medicago sativa L. for remediation of petroleum contaminated soil in Huabei Oilfield.