白云湖水生态构建示范区浮游植物群落初步研究

Preliminary Study of Phytoplankton in Ecological Construction Demonstration Area of Baiyun Lake

分别于2013年3月和2014年1月对白云湖水生态构建示范区的浮游植物进行了调查。2013年3月(构建前)共检出浮游植物3门26属49种,其中硅藻8属13种,绿藻14属20种,裸藻4属16种,分别占浮游植物种类总数的40.8%、32.7%和26.5%。2014年1月(构建后)共检出浮游植物5门27属54种,其中硅藻7属15种,绿藻15属27种,裸藻3属9种,蓝藻1属2种,甲藻1属1种,分别占浮游植物种类总数的50%、27.78%、16.67%、3.70%和1.85%。硅藻门和绿藻门是示范区内浮游植物的主要类群。浮游植物密度由3.2×106cells/L降至1.7×106cells/L,生物量由7.245 mg/L降至2.625 mg/L,Shannon-weiner指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数分别由0.482、3.202、0.086升高至1.081、3.690、0.188,示范区由富营养状态转变为中营养状态,表明种植沉水植物、投放肉食性、滤食性鱼类及螺类等一系列水生态构建措施取得了良好的效果,建议在白云湖及其他富营养化景观水体推广应用。

Abstract：Lake were investigated respectively in March 2013 and January 2014. Before ecological building, 49 species belonging to 3 phylum and 26 genera were oberved in March 2013, including 8 genera and 13 species of Bacillariophyta, 14 genera and 20 species of Chorophyta, 4 genera and 16 species of Euglenophyta, which accounted for 40.8%, 32.7% and 26.5% respectively. After ecological building, 5 phylum, 27 genera and 54 species were oberved in March 2013, including 7 genera and 15 species of Bacillariophyta, 15 genera and 27 species of Chorophyta, 3 genera and 9 species of Euglenophyta, 1 genera and 2 species of Cyanophyta, 1 genera and 1 species of Pyrrophyta, which accounted for 50%, 27.78% , 6.67%, 3.70% and 1.85% respectively. Bacillariophyta and Chorophyta were main groups of phytoplankton in the demonstration area. Phytoplankton density decreased from 1.7×10^6 cells/L to 3.2×10^6 cells/L, and biomass decreased from 7.245 mg/L to 2.625 mg/L, Shannon-weiner index, Margalef index and Pielou index increased from 0.482, 3.202, 0.086 to 1.081, 3.690, 0.188 respectively. Nutrition state of demonstration area transform from eutrophic into middle nutrition. It showed that a series of water ecological construction measures including planting submerged plant, puting in the carnivorous fish, filter-feeding fish and snails had achieved good results, so it was recommended to be popularized and applied in Balyun Lake and other eutrophic scenic water.