2013年我国典型城市大气污染物浓度分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Main Atmospheric Pollutants Concentration in Chinese Typical Cities in 2013

利用中国环境监测总站对全国各个省市的空气质量浓度的实时发布平台,收集了5个城市(北京、沈阳、广州、上海和海口)2013年SO2、NO2、PM10和PM2.5这4类污染物的日均浓度值。应用箱线图和散点图进行数据对比分析,其中箱线图可通过箱体长短及与标准限值的比较得到全年各个城市污染物的浓度范围,散点图从时间尺度表示了每个城市4种污染物浓度的月份分布状况,从而明确了5个城市污染物浓度的季节变化特征和污染水平。沈阳的SO2浓度随季节变化显著,冬季最高,春秋次之,夏季最低。沈阳、上海和广州的PM10和PM2.52种颗粒物的浓度也随季节的变化较为明显,同样是冬季较高,春秋次之,夏季低。北京的颗粒物浓度随季节变化的规律性不明显,但全年PM2.5浓度超标现象明显。5个城市NO2浓度随季节变化不大。

With the help of air quality real-time publishing platform launched by China＇s Environmental Monitoring Centre, daily average concentrations of pollutants such as SO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 in Beijing, Shenyang, Guangzhou and Haikou in 2013 were collected. The data were analyzed comparatively by boxplots and scatter plots. The concentration range for cities of pollutants within the full year by body length and the comparison with standard limit were obtained through boxplots, while the monthly distribution of pollutants concentration in each city from time scales was obtained by scatter plots, which revealed seasonal variation charactefistcs and pollution level of the pollutants concentration. SO2 concentration changes with the seasons in Shenyang, with the highest in winter, then followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in summer. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Shenyang, Shanghai and Guangzhou are also evideht along with the change of season, high in winter, then spring and autumn, lower in summer. Particle concentration in Beijing with the seasons change regularity is not obvious, but the PM2.5 concentrations exceed most days along the year. NO2 concentration in five cities changes little with the seasons.