水肥一体膜下滴灌对玉米产量与氮素利用的影响

Effect of drip irrigation and fertilization on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of maize

为探讨水肥一体滴灌对玉米产量与氮素利用的影响,以玉米杂交种‘桂单688’为材料,列区设计,设4个灌水量(A1,A2,A3,A4)和4个施肥水平(B1,B2,B3,B4)进行田间试验。结果表明,灌水量由A4(1237.5 m3·hm-2)提高到A1(2 250 m3·hm-2)时,玉米产量由7 682.2 kg·hm-2提高到8 640.7 kg·hm-2,A1灌水量(2 250m3·hm-2)与B2施肥水平(纯N 191.25 kg·hm-2、P2O576.5 kg·hm-2和K2O 153.0 kg·hm-2)组合可获玉米产量9016.9 kg·hm-2,是最优水、肥配合选择。随着灌水量由A4提高到A1,玉米籽粒蛋白质由9.01%提高到9.92%;同一灌水量下,玉米籽粒蛋白质含量B1>B2>B3>B4;随灌水量增加,氮素利用率、氮素农学效率、氮素生理效率均有所增加,随施氮量增加氮素利用率、氮素农学效率、氮素生理效率均有所降低,同一施肥水平随密度增加氮吸收利用率、氮农学效率、氮生理效率均有所提高。合理的水肥协同优化组合可以提高水分、养分利用效率,是提高产量的关键。

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation and fertilization on yield and ni-trogen utilization of a maize hybrid Guidan 688 with a split plot design of four irrigation treatments （A1 ,A2 ,A3 ,and A4 ） and four fertilizer levels （B1 ,B2 ,B3 ,and B4 ） .The results showed that maize yield ranged from 7 682 .2 kg·hm^-2 （A4 , 1 237 .5 m3·hm^-2 ） to 8 640 .7 kg·hm^-2 （A1 ,2 250 m3·hm^-2 ） .The combination of A1 and B2 （191 .25 kg·hm^-2 , 76 .5 kg P2O5＆#183;hm^-2 ,153 .0 kg K2O·hm^-2 ） obtained the highest yield （9 016 .9 kg·hm^-2 ） .Protein content of maize kernel ranged from 9 .01% to 9 .92% across the four nitrogen treatments ,with an order of B1〉B2〉B3〉B4 under the same irrigation amount .Nitrogen use efficiency ,nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency in-creased as the irrigation amount increased ,while decreased as the fertilizer rate increased .In addition ,plant density showed beneficial effect on nitrogen use .In summary ,right combination of irrigation and fertilizer could improve water and nutrient use efficiency and grain yield as well .