清代关中地区水旱灾害及社会影响研究

The flood and drought disasters and their social impacts in Guanzhong Area in Qing Dynasty

揭示清代关中地区水旱灾害发生规律及对社会经济等所产生的影响。采用历史文献的整理、分析及小波技术运用的方法进行研究。清代关中地区水涝灾害共发生131次，旱灾114次，水旱灾害的发生具有明显的规律性，水灾具有50年、140年周期变化，其中50年为水灾变化的主周期；旱灾具有30年、60～70年、150年周期变化，其中旱灾变化的主周期为150年；西安和渭南两地水旱灾害发生次数最多，其次为咸阳和宝鸡，铜川地区则最少；局部范围受灾、粮食歉收等为特征的二级灾害发生次数最多；灾害的发生对人口、社会经济、社会道德、社会文化及社会矛盾带来了很大的影响。

To reveal the occurrence regularity of flood and drought disasters and their social impacts in Guanzhong Area in Qing dynasty. Methods are analyzing historical data of flood and drought disasters and ap- plication of wavelet. It showed that there were 131 flood disasters and 114 drought disasters in Guanzhong Area in Qing dynasty. Occurrence of flood and drought disasters had obvious regularity. Flood disaster there was pe- riodic variation of 50 years and 140 years, in which the main period was 50 years for flood change. Drought disaster there was periodic variation of 30 years, 60 - 70 years and 150 years, in which 150 years was the main period for drought change. In Xi＇an and Weinan area flood and drought disasters occured most frequent- ly, followed by Baoji and Xianyang area, in Tongchuan area disasters occurred at least. The occurrence fre- quency of flood and drought disasters at the grade two was the highest. Disasters had affected the population, social economy, cocial morality, social culture and social contradiction, etc.