产油微生物利用废弃物积累油脂的研究进展

Research progress in lipid production from waste by oleaginous microorganism

微生物油脂是一种应用前景广阔的新型油脂资源,具有制备功能性油脂和生物柴油的优点,因此越来越受到人们的重视。但微生物油脂生产时所用原料成本高,导致微生物油脂的产业化发展受到制约。因此寻找廉价易得的发酵基质将促进微生物油脂生产的工业化进程,同时解决了日益严峻的能源与环境安全问题。本文简述了各种工业废水、剩余活性污泥及餐厨废弃物等废弃物的特点,总结了产油微生物利用该类废弃物生产油脂的研究现状及可能存在的发酵工艺及经济成本问题,指出了未来的发展方向是开发附加值产品及廉价高效的絮凝剂以降低油脂成本、探究利用微生物前期处理降解剩余污泥中的毒性物质、探讨酶与酸碱联合水解餐厨废弃物的工艺等。

Microbial lipids are a kind of new oil resource with good prospect,which can be further processed to functional lipid and biodiesel. It has attracted more and more attentions. But the high cost of raw materials limits the industrialization of microbial oil production. The search for cheap,freely available fermentation substrate will promote the industrialization process of microbial oil production, and has significant implications for increasingly serious energy and environmental issues. In this review,recent progress in the utilization of oleaginous microorganism on a variety of waste and the existing problems regarding fermentation process and its economic performance,including food industry wastewater,excess sludge and kitchen garbage,have been discussed. In addition,the characteristics of waste is introduced. The future research on microbial lipids should be focused on the exploitation of value-added products and cheap flocculant in order to reduce cost,the study on degradation toxic substances in residual sludge by special properties microbial,the development of hydrolysis process for kitchen garbage by enzymes associated with acid and alkali.