上海市竞技体育后备人才多元化培养模式探索

On Diversified Training Modes of Backup Talents of Competitive Sports in Shanghai

竞技体育可持续发展能力取决于后备人才的培养.本文采用文献资料调研、专家访谈等方法,根据目前上海市已开展的奥运项目的竞技地位、历史成绩、群众基础和市场化前景等方面的特点对上海市竞技体育后备人才培养模式进行分析研究,结果显示:1)上海市竞技项目可划分为全力保障项目群、高度市场化项目群、稳步推进项目群和有待开拓项目群;2)上海市竞技体育后备人才培养由传统"三级训练"模式,逐步转向"以体校为主,以学校为补充,多元并举"的培养模式;3)传统培养模式单一、运动员人才浪费等困难等.并据此提出以下对策:1)全力保障项目群的后备人才通过体校、体育传统项目学校和高水平后备人才基地模式来培养;2)高度市场化项目群的后备人才通过学校化和社会化模式来培养;3)稳步推进项目群的后备人才通过体校、学校和青少年体育俱乐部模式来培养;4)有待开拓项目群的后备人才培养必须调动体校、学校、社会和个人家庭的积极参与来实现.为进一步提升上海市竞技体育后备人才的培养提供参考.

The sustainability of competitive sports is up to the training of backup talents. The paper, based upon the research into documentation and interview with experts, analyses the training mode of backup talents for competitive sports in Shanghai in terms of competitive capacity, historical records, mass foundation and maketization prospect of the Olympic events already held in Shanghai. The results are as follows： 1） Sports events in Shanghai can be classified into 4 groups, featured respectively with full guarantee, high marketization, stable advancement and exploitation potential. 2） The training mode of backup talents for competitive sports in Shanghai is shifting gradually from the traditional “three levels of training” to “diversity with schools as a main part and sports schools as a supplement. 3） Such problems confront us like monotonous traditional training mode and the waste of athletic talents. Given all mentioned above, these solutions are put forward： 1） The backup talents of full guarantee are to trained through sports schools, traditional athletic schools and high-level bases for backup talents. 2 ） Those of high marketization are through schools and socialization. 3 ） Those of stable advancement are through sports schools, schools and child and youth sports club. 4） Those of exploitation potential should be trained along with the active participation of sports schools, schools, society and families. All above can serve as a reference to promote the training of backup talents for competitive sports in Shanghai.