日本邮政民营化的是与非

Right and Wrong of Privatization of Japan Post

2015年,日本的邮政民营化迎来重大进展。日本邮政、邮储银行、简保生命3家公司将于秋季实现同时上市。日本邮政集团将踏出其作为民间企业的第一步。日本的邮政民营化乃21世纪初在自民党执政期间确立下来的既定路线,此后虽在民主党执政的短暂期间出现波折,但为了确保东日本大地震后的复兴财源,日本政府确定了出售日本邮政股份并在3年以内上市的方针。此后,安倍晋三政权成立。自民党重新执政,朝着真正意义上的邮政民营化即邮政上市加速推进。2014年年底最终明确的日本邮政3家公司于2015年秋同时上市,乃自民党重新执政重归邮政民营化本来路线之举。对于这一事实,日本国内持支持意见的只占少数,而持担心和反对态度的却大有人在。日本邮政民营化的实际情况表明:对于邮政这样的公用事业如何兼顾"公共性"和"效率性",在应对经济全球化的过程中如何维护国家安全,成为摆在世界各国面前的两大难题。

Significant breakthroughs have been made in privatization of Japan Post in 2015. Japan Post Holdings, Postal Savings Bank and Japan Post Insurance are going public simultaneously in autumn. Ja- pan Post Group has been on its way towards private enterprise. The privatization of Japan Post is the pre- scribed road map made by the liberal Democratic Party （LDP） at the start of this century. Although it stumbled during the governance of the Democratic Party of Japan （ DPJ）, Japanese government, for the insurance of renaissance revenue for the Great East Japan Earthquake, decided to make the guidelines to sell Japan post shares and go public in 3 years. When the LDP returned to power and Shinzo Abe regime was established, the process of privatization of Japan Post, which means going public, has accelerated. The decision made at the end of 2014 that the three companies go public in autumn in 2015 is the postal privatization original route of LDP since its return to power. The fact is it acquire only a small number of support domestically, most are suspicious of it and are even against it. We can draw conclusion from the Japanese experiences as followed： It is a dilemma to balance＂ fairness＂ and ＂efficiency＂ of the public u- tilities like postal service. It is important to safeguard globalization. These are the two difficulties that the national security in response to the economic countries all over the world are facing.