“人本的积极心理学”与“实证的积极心理学”——人本主义心理学与积极心理学方法论比较研究

Humanistic Positive Psychology and Positive Positive Psychology——A Comparative Study of Methodology between Humanistic and Positive Psychology

人本主义心理学与积极心理学在心理学的研究对象——人的认识上虽然相似,但各有侧重。人本主义心理学受现象学和存在主义哲学的影响,主张心理学应该关注人的现实存在与价值追求,而积极心理学则侧重在人类的消极——积极纬度上。而在方法论上,两者则存在较大的差异。人本主义心理学坚持人文科学心理学立场,而积极心理学则属科学主义心理学阵营;人本主义心理学坚持整体主义研究路线,积极心理学与还原主义路线保持一致;人本主义心理学主张主观研究范式,积极心理学坚持客观研究范式;人本主义心理学以理解、说明、描述、解释、直觉等为自己的主要研究方法,积极心理学则以实验、测量等为主要研究方法。人本主义心理学和积极心理学采取不同的方法论立场研究相似的主题。

Although humanistic and positive psychology have something in common in the study of human beings, they have the orienta- tion of their own. Humanistic psychology, under the influence of phenomenology and existentialism, insists that psychology should pay close attention to the real existence of human beings and the pursuit of their value,while positive psychology insists that psychology be concerned about the positive nature of human beings. They are distinctly different in methodology. Humanistic psychology holds a psy- chological position of human sciences while positive psychology is in the camp of scientism. Humanistic psychology takes the holistic re- search route, but positive psychology takes the reductionist route. Humanistic psychology has a subjective research paradigm while posi- tive psychology has an objective one. Humanistic psychology often uses these methods of comprehension, exposition, description, inter- pretation and intuition while positive psychology often uses the methods of experiment and survey. Humanistic and positive psychology always take a different methods to deal with some similar subjects.