电子垃圾拆解地区多氯联苯经口暴露健康风险评价

Health risk assessment of oral exposure to PCBs among residents in an e-waste dismantling area

目的研究电子垃圾拆解地区经口暴露多氯联苯(PCBs)对人群健康产生的潜在健康危害。方法运用美国环保署人群健康风险评估模型,评估电子垃圾拆解地区经口暴露多氯联苯对人群的致癌和非致癌风险。结果电子垃圾拆解地区水、稻米、包心菜、鸡蛋和鲫鱼中PCBs含量均高于对照区(均P<0.05);人群健康风险评估结果表明拆解区成年男性、成年女性和儿童经口暴露PCBs的非致癌风险分别为2.53×10-6、3.04×10-6、2.14×10-6,均高于美国环保局定义的人群风险水平值(1×10-6);拆解区成年男性、成年女性和儿童人群经口暴露PCBs的致癌风险分别为4.34×10-5、5.20×10-5、9.72×10-6,对照区人群经口暴露PCBs的致癌风险分别为4.45×10-6、4.61×10-6、1.37×10-6。结论电子垃圾拆解产生的PCBs已对当地环境造成一定程度的污染,并对当地人群存在潜在的健康风险。

Objective To investigate the potential health hazards of oral exposure to polychorinated biphenyls （PCBs） among residents living in an e-waste dismantling area. Methods Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of oral exposure to PCBs among local residents living in an area heavily industrialized with e-waste dismantling and in a control area（ about 300 km far from the study area and mainly with farming and eeotourism） in Zhejiang province were evaluated using the human health risk assessment model adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency （US EPA）. Results The PCBs levels in water,rice,cabbage,eggs and crucian carp in the e-waste dismantling area were significantly higher than those in the control area. The results of health risk assessment showed that non-carcinogenic risks of oral exposure to PCBs for adult males, adult females, and children in the dismantling area were 2.53 × 10 -6, 3.04 × 10 - 6, and 2.14 × 10 - 6, respectively, which exceeded the acceptable level （ 1 × 10 - 6 ） defined by US EPA. Carcino- genic risks of oral exposure to PCBs for adult males, adult females, and children were 4.34 × 10-5,5.20 × 10-5, and 9.72 x 10 -6 in the dismantling area and 4.45 × 10 -6,4.61 × 10 6, and 1.37 × 10 -6 in the control area. Conclusion PCBs emitted from e-waste dismantling has resulted in local environmental pollution, as well as the potential health haz- ards among local residents.