辩证思维在肿瘤放射治疗学临床教学中的应用探讨

Application of dialectical thinking in clinical teaching of radiation oncology

运用科学的思维方式探讨临床医学中存在的现象与本质,是现代医学模式基本要求之一。临床放射肿瘤学教学大多以影像图片为载体的形象思维训练为主,而抽象思维即逻辑思维尤其是辩证逻辑的思维形式在临床教学中一般应用较少,也不易被授课教师掌握。训练临床医学生的辩证思维能力,实现形象思维、形式逻辑思维和辩证逻辑思维并重的思维能力培养是训练一个合格临床医学生的基本诉求。故临床理论课老师除了传授临床知识外,加强医科学生的科学思维方式,特别是辩证思维能力的培养显得十分的必要和迫切。笔者在肿瘤放射治疗学的教学实践中,对讲授的放射线致癌与治癌、基因突变的利弊、放射损伤及肿瘤杀灭、肿瘤治疗强度把握、肿瘤放射治疗策略选择及其在肿瘤综合治疗中的主角与配角转换等知识点进行辩证思维分析,引导医学生不仅应掌握放射肿瘤学的微观层面的生命现象,更应学会从宏观层面使用辩证思维方式来理解和探讨生命运动中的各种现象,从而更好地消化吸收肿瘤放射治疗学的各重要知识点。这样不仅仅可以使得学生学习的知识得到长久的记忆,更能够为未来医学生在长期的临床实践中可以得心应手地使用辩证思维的手段解决临床实践中存在大量的复杂问题,以便更好地为未来的临床实践服务。

The scientific way of thinking to explore the nature of clinical phenomena that exist,is one of the basic requirements of modern medical model. Clinical Radiation Oncology teaching mostly video images as a carrier-based training image thinking,logical thinking and abstract thinking that,especially in the form of dialectical logic thinking in clinical teaching less general application,the instructor is not easily mastered. Training medical students of dialectical thinking ability,and to achieve thinking ability combined image thinking,formal logic thinkingand dialectical logic thinking is a qualified medical students training in basic aspirations. Therefore,in addition to clinical theory class teacher to teach clinical knowledge,strengthenability to the scientific way of thinking of medical students,especially the culture of dialectical thinking ability is very necessary and urgent. In our practice on teaching of radiation oncology,that to teach inducing carcinoma and treating carcinoma by radiation,the pros and cons of gene mutation,damaging normal tissues and killing cancer cells by radiation,grasping intensity of cancer treatment,selectingcancer radiotherapy strategy,and its conversion protagonist and a supporting role of comprehensive treatment,analyzed with dialectical thinking to guide medical students should not only master the micro-level of radiation oncology phenomenon of life,but should learn to understand the use of dialectical thinking from a macro level and explore life movement in a variety of phenomena,and thus more easily to digest and absorb all the important points of radiation oncology. So it not only can make students get knowledge of long-term memory,but can make the medical students handy use the tools of dialectical thinking to solve a lot of complex issues of the clinical practice in the future,in order to better service for future clinical practice.