工商资本投资农业问题与对策研究——基于对嘉兴、开封两市的调研

The Problems of Industrial and Commercial Capital Investing in Agriculture and the Countermeasures

积极引导工商资本投资农业,是加快形成新型工农、城乡关系的重要路径。实地调研表明,我国农业基础条件以及土地、金融等相关政策制约了工商资本投资农业的快速发展,同时工商资本投资农业也对农民增收、耕地保护、农业安全等带来挑战,并存在投资盲目性、引资主观性、土地流转不规范性和相关政策不确定性等隐患。研究指出,工商资本投资农业,需要在鼓励的基础上,通过加强工商资本投资农业的产业布局、采取差别化的激励机制、完善准入制度和监控机制、实施土地弹性流转、创新农户和涉农企业之间的利益分配机制等手段,引导工商资本投资农业健康发展,实现农民、企业与社会多方共赢。

Actively guiding industrial and commercial capitals to invest in agriculture is an important route which accelerates the forming of a new relationship between industry and agriculture, as well as between urban and rural areas. On-spot research show that, on the one hand, the basic conditions of agriculture in China and the relative policies related to land and finance restrained the fast development in industrial and commercial investing in agriculture; on the other hand, the latter also brings challenges to farmers＂ income increase, farmland protection and agriculture safety. There is also hidden danger concerning blind investment, subjective judgment on investment attracting, non-normative land circulation and unstable relevant policies. The study shows that, to perfect industrial and commercial investing in agriculture, in addition to the precondition of encouraging, we should also strengthen the industrial allocation, apply differentiated incentive mechanism, perfect the access and monitoring system, implement flexible land circulation, innovate benefits distributing mechanism between farmers and enterprises, thus guide the industrial and commercial investment to healthily develop and realize a win-win situation among farmers, enterprises and others.