走向马克思的德国唯心论的“四乐章”——读《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》

German Idealism as “Four Movements” Preluding to Marx:Reading Theses on Feuerbach

康德、费希特、谢林和黑格尔的实践哲学是马克思哲学的前奏。通过批判费尔巴哈的感性直观唯物主义,马克思把德国唯心论从主体能动方面发展的实践观转化为革命的批判的实践,把"存在与思维同一性"转化为以实践为检验标准的真理观,把主体-客体关系转化为环境的改变和人的自我改变的一致性,把哲学世界观转化为理论改变世界的实践观。

Kant, Fichte, Schilling and Hegel＇ s practical philosophies provided keystones for Marx to overcome Feuerbach＇ s intuitive materialism, so that he was able to transform the subjective and active side of praxis which had been developed by German idealism into the critical and revolutionary praxis, ＂the identity of being and thinking＂ into the truth theory with praxis as its test criteria, the subject-object relationship into the coherence of changing circumstances and man himself, and the world outlook of philosophy into the view of praxis with the theory to change the world.