在政学、文史、古今之间——吴组缃、林庚、季镇淮、王瑶的治学路径及其得失

The Road between Politics and Academics,Literature and History,and Past and Present: Different Ways of Scholastic Research by Wu Zuxiang,Lin Geng,Ji Zhenhuai and Wang Yao with their Gains and Losses

现代中国学者的治学路径及功过得失,除了深受当下政治体制与思想潮流的影响外,还严重受制于其工作单位与学科文化。20世纪50至80年代北大内部思想潮流与教学体制的激荡,凸显了"文学教育"的发展空间及可能性。吴组缃、林庚、季镇淮、王瑶这四位学者共同活跃在当时的北大中文系,有着大致相同的教育背景与生命轨迹,却又有着不一样的学术路径。我们可以借助政治与学术、文学与史学、古典与现代这三个特殊角度,探讨他们的治学路径,直面这一代学者的困境,关注其学科文化的特殊性——包括他们的努力与挣扎、贡献与局限。通过对老一辈学者足迹的辨析,我们得以触摸此兼及古今、贯通文史、关心政治的学术传统,明白其中的利弊得失。

The ways of doing scholastic research by modern Chinese scholars, as well as their gains and loss were affected by the political system and trend of thought, and were also seriously restricted by the places where they worked and the culture concerning the subjects they studied. The constantly-changing trend of thought and mechanism of teaching within Peking University from 1950s to 1980s, highlighted the space for and possibility of the development of ＂literature education＂. Wu Zuxiang （吴组缃）, Lin Geng （林庚）, Ji Zhenhuai （季镇淮） and Wang Yao （王瑶）, four professors in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Peking University, were approximately the same in their background of education and track of life, but different in their approaches to academics. From the three special perspectives of politics and academics, literature and history, and past and present, this article discusses their ways of scholastic research, explores the dilemma of that generation of scholars, and pays close attention to the particularities of the culture concerning the subjects they studied, including their efforts, struggles, contributions and limitations. By analyzing the tracks the four professors had followed, we can have a closer touch on the academic tradition which incorporated past and present, literature and history, and the concern for politics, and have a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of this academic tradition, and also the gains and losses of these scholars.